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This essay aims to examine the relationship between postmodernism and history and then to discuss in detail the ways in which A History of the World in 10½ Chapters reveals Julian Barnes's postmodern historical consciousness. This novel deals with essentially the same questions that obsessed the protagonist in Flaubert's Parrot. And those are: How do we seize the past? and Can we know the truth of the past? Raising questions about the boundary between history (fact) and literature (fiction), the novel implies that history (historiography) is a linguistic construct shaped by literary conventions and the historian's imagination. It also shows the nature of historiographic metafiction by challenging the idea of history as unitary and teleological and by presenting 'histories' instead of 'history.' Barnes's history of the world suggests that every attempt at a totalizing history has been a fiction created out of human 'fabulation.' A History of the World in 10½ Chapters proves a postmodernist fiction whose nature lies in relativity, subjectivity, inconsistency, indeterminacy, fragmentation, and contingency. What should be noted, however, is Barnes's paradoxical argument that we must still believe in objective truth even if it is impossible to obtain objective historical truth. Barnes's novel embodies the ‘postmodern paradox’ in that it questions and then reinstalls the possibility of objective truth just as it inscribes and then subverts a Christian view of history.
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