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This paper sets out to investigate how British critics have established their own culture theories, at the same time, analyzing the historico-cultural changes in the British society. The British culture has been transformed from the ‘mass cultural society’ of the 18-19 century to the ‘community cultural society’ of the recent years. Arnold, Eliot and Leavis had developed their influential theories on ‘mass culture,’ defining the differences between the ‘high culture’ and the ‘low mass culture.’ However the ‘mass culture’ theories have been criticised. Swingewood regards the ‘mass culture’ theory as a kind of the bourgeoisie ‘myth.’ In short, the ‘mass culture’ theory is a kind of a distorted myth which was made by the bourgeoise to justify their established ruling-power by degrading the working class culture. Now, the world has become a multi-democratic and post-industrial society where class and ideological struggles are dissolved. In the democratic society like Britain, culture functions itself as a civic way of life in that people can enjoy their cultural life on public areas. Britain now has its characterized public culture; its community culture becomes a sort of general ways of life. As Raymond Williams says, culture becomes ordinary, being a whole way of everyday's life. The British community culture has been integrated into people’s life through the democratic process of ‘culture-making.’(Hannam University)
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