지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
It has been claimed that westerners look at the eyes and the mouth to read facial expression, while easterners weighted facial cues in the eyes and neglect the mouth. This claim is based on the difference between 1 byte western facial emoticons and those eastern ones. Western emoticons primary use the mouth to convey emotional states, e. g. :-) for happy and :-( for sad, while eastern emoticons use the eyes, ^.^ for happy and ;_; for sad.
In this paper I analyzed signs for the eyes, the nose and the moth as graphemes. First, I examined how emotions are encoded in two cultures. 1 Byte western emotions are differentiated by the mouth graphemes, whereas those eastern ones are differentiated by the eye graphemes.
Second, the difference of the mouth form between eastern smily ^_^ and western smily :-) is due to anatomical structure of the modiolus and the zygomaticus major muscle around the mouth. When the modiolus locates at and under the intercheilion line and the zygomaticus major muscle attaches to the modiolus, it is hard to pull the upper lip so that easterners smile Mona Liza smile. This is the reason why easterners use the underscore _ as the mouth grapheme for smily ^_^ whereas westerners use ) as the mouth grapheme for smily :_).
Third, there is no difference in emotion recognition comparing 2 byte western emoticons and those eastern ones. This conclusion implies that there is no cultural differences in how emotions are expressed in different cultures. Korean facial emoticons use Korean consonant and vowel letters to represent the eyes and the mouth movement. And the 2 byte Japanese emoticons use hiragana, katagana, Cyrillic, and foreign letters to represent facial expression.
Fourth, for these reasons FACS-coded facial expression is a universal sign of human emotions.
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