Various types of the ritual of vermilion was found in the tumulus in the Three kingdoms' period, but it's no exaggeration to say that previous studies about the ritual of vermilion has tried to examine it in relation to the idea of immortality in Taoism with no thought of the circumstances and analyses. This article intends to examine a part of funeral ceremony held in the tumulus through vermilion which has not drawn attention. Most of vermilion painting in the tumulus are found in a pile of stone on the tumulus, a place for a coffin, a place around a coffin and a main part of burial. Some of it also remained in relic. Through these circumstances of excavation, it is possible to figure out the ritual of vermilion step by step in the construction of the tumulus. The ritual of vermilion is conducted in whole process of the construction. In some tumuli, vermilion painting is repeatedly given to a place for a coffin, a pile of stone on the tumulus, and so forth. The ritual of vermilion is most found in High-mound tomb(Go-chong) period of which the central age is for the 5th century. It was first found in No.110 tomb of Hwangnam-dong, and it is assumed that it disappeared in Howoo-chong(tomb) for the last time. Furthermore, it draws attention that it is also found in the tumulus built from the late third century to the late sixth century, for instance, No.3 tombㆍNo.10 jar coffin tombㆍNo.8stone-lined tomb of Bogam-ri, Naju, but it is impossible to examine overall aspect of change in the ritual of vermilion due to lack of the quantity of data. These cases of the ritual of vermilion is most found in Japan, and many researches have come out. The aspect of vermilion painting in Japan is almost same with Korea, but there is obvious differences. One difference is about regulation to have to use vermilion consist of mercury to a place around a corpse and to use red oxide of iron to the rest of place in Japan, the other difference is that the aspect of change in the ritual of vermilion is noticeable in Japan. It is assumed that the reason the ritual of vermilion was held in the tumulus is closely related to social ideas and faith of the day. It was a general opinion that vermilion itself was the relic related to the idea of immortality in Taoism, however the ritual of vermilion should be recognized not only as the idea of immortality in Taoism but as a mixed faith of the day because various types of idea existed in ancient times, for example, the faith of Yin-yang and Pungsu(陰陽風水信仰), the thought of heaven-earth(天地思想), the idea of Seung-cheon-seonsan(昇天成仙:going up to the sky and being a god) and so forth.