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What is Man? shows a dramatic shift in Mark Twain’s style and his different depiction of the human race. The Old Man, Twain’s mouthpiece, insists that man is a machine completely controlled by outside influences, heredity and training and manipulated only by the sole impulse to content his peace of mind. The Old Man also condemns human cruelty, stupidity, cowardness, and selfishness and blames the Moral Sense for the source of human evil nature. This paper arrives at a more integrated, comprehensive understanding of Mark Twain’s view of human beings in the work. Mark Twain was a moralist at heart. After experiencing his severe financial troubles and personal tragedies, he began to accept realism, Darwinism, Social Darwinism, and determinism, which can explain immoral social injustice and personal tragedies as unavoidable phenomena. These theories that he upheld so vigorously, however, do not coincide with his belief. Therefore, a different depiction of the human race and his conflict between his conviction and the dominant mood of the later part of the 19th century in What Is Man? reflects Mark Twain’s natural shift from a moral optimist to a man of comprehensive understanding of human beings.
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참고문헌 (17)
참고문헌 신청
Cummings, Sherwood. / 1957 / Mark Twain’s Social Darwinism / Huntington Library Quarterly 20:163~175
Cummings, Sherwood / 1958 / Science and Mark Twain’s Theory of Fiction / Philological Quarterly 36:26~33
Cummings, Sherwood / 1957 / Essays on Determinism in American Literature / Kent State UP :108~116
Gillman, Susan / 1989 / Dark Twins : Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain’s America / The U of Chicago P
Hill, Hamlin / 1982 / Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 12 / Gale
Cummings, Sherwood / 1958 / Science and Mark Twain’s Theory of Fiction / Philological Quarterly 36:26~33
Cummings, Sherwood / 1957 / Essays on Determinism in American Literature / Kent State UP :108~116
Gillman, Susan / 1989 / Dark Twins : Imposture and Identity in Mark Twain’s America / The U of Chicago P
Hill, Hamlin / 1982 / Dictionary of Literary Biography. Vol. 12 / Gale
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