최근 나노기술이 급격하게 발달하면서 노동자를 비롯하여 일반국민까지 나노물질에 노출됨에 따라 유해성과 위해성에 관한 논란이 부각되고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 이 연구는 EU REACH와 한국 화평법 하에 나노기술 산업규제와 경쟁력 강화정책을 비교범위로 하였고, 분석대상은 도입배경, 정책성격, 적용범위, 분류체계, 정보체계로 하였다. 차이점 분석결과, 한국은 EU에 비해 첫째, 개념적 정의가 단편적이며 둘째, 나노물질 분류체계가 단편적・중복적이고 셋째, 도입과정이 사후적・수동적이며 넷째, 산업경쟁력 강화방안이 미흡하고 다섯째, 적용대상이 엄격하며 여섯째, 정보체계가 단편적・산발적이었다. 분석결과를 기초로 첫째, 나노물질에 관한 종합적・체계적 정책수립이 필요하며 둘째, 사전적・종합적 정책추진을 위한 유해물질발굴위원회의 설치가 필요하고 셋째, 과학적 근거기반의 정책수립을 강화해야 하며 넷째, 나노물질의 적용대상을 보다 소량으로 확대하고 다섯째, 정보시스템을 종합적・체계적으로 구축하며 여섯째, 상설협의체와 ELSI센터 구축이 필요하다는 결론을 제시하였다. 끝으로 이 연구는 국민의 안전과 환경을 보호하면서 나노기술 산업경쟁력을 강화할 수 있는 정책적 개선방안을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.
Recently, nanotechnology has developed rapidly. Such a result, a concern on the hazard or risk of nanomaterials has been raised steadily because people, From workers in workplace to the public, have been exposed to nanomaterials. This paper focused on the improving effectiveness for regulation and competitiveness of the nanotechnology industry under the REACH in EU and K-REACH in Korea. and it was analyzed in viewpoints of the background, characteristics of policy, scope of application, classification system, information system. In comparison to the EU, the following six differences were identified in Korea: First, the definition of nanomaterials was fragmentary. Second, the classification system of nanomaterials was piecemeal and overlapped. Third, the introduction of regulation was ex post and passive way. Forth, it was insufficient in promoting competitiveness of nanotechnology industry. Fifth, the scope of application is stringent. Sixth, the databases were fragmented and sporadic. In conclusion, following six policy measures are proposed. First, the government should make policy decisions in a more comprehensive and systematic mechanism. Second, a Committee on the Identification of Hazardous and Risky Substances should be established. Third, the policy making should be promoted in the scientific evidence-based method. Forth, legal applications should be expanded to smaller volume of manufacturing or importing. Fifth, the Nanomaterial Databases should be build in more comprehensive and systematic mechanism. Sixth, it is required to establish a Permanent Consultative Council and an ELSI center. Finally, this paper is meaningful in that it suggests policy measures to improve simultaneously safety of the people, environmental protection, and industrial competitiveness of nanotechnology.