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초록· 키워드
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Perfluoroalkyl acids have been used as components of aqueous fire-fighting foams (AFFFs). Fire-fighting training with AFFFs at military sites has resulted in the contamination of groundwater with perfluorooctonoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) at concentrations higher than the US EPA Provisional Health Advisory levels. PFOA and PFOS are resistant to microbial degradation as well as most conventional abiotic techniques. Low heat-activated persulfate oxidation of PFOA has been demonstrated successfully; however, PFOS remained unaltered even at high heat applied. Given the high oxidation state of carbon in the C-S bond of PFOS, reductive technologies are feasible. Therefore, this study assessed the effectiveness of nanoscale zero valent iron (Fe°) coated with palladium (Pd°) at different conditions (mass, intial pH, and heat) and addition of aluminum (Al°) or clay as a another reductant or supporting material, respectively were evaluated. Addition of Pd catalyst enhanced PFOS removal in Pdo/Feo NPs alone system. And use of clay in Pdo/Feo NPs systems also increased PFOA and PFOS removal up to 75% and 95%, respectively. Also, addition of Al increased PFOS removal at acidic pH condition. However, most of PFOA and PFOS removal observed in all assessed systems were due to strong adsorption onto metals not their destruction which were supported by lack of F- and SO42- measurement as products of their destruction.
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참고문헌 (29)
참고문헌 신청
Kissa, E. / 2001 / Fluorinated surfactants and repellents / Marcel Dekker
Place, BJ / 2012 / Identification of Novel Fluorochemicals in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) used by the US Military / Environ. Sci. Technol 46:7120~7127
Cousins, IT / 2016 / The precautionary principle and chemicals management: The example of perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater / Environment International 94:331~340
Hu, XDC / 2016 / Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in US Drinking water linked to industrial sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants / Environ. Sci. Technol. Letters 3(10):344~350
CDC / 2015 / Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
Place, BJ / 2012 / Identification of Novel Fluorochemicals in Aqueous Film-Forming Foams (AFFF) used by the US Military / Environ. Sci. Technol 46:7120~7127
Cousins, IT / 2016 / The precautionary principle and chemicals management: The example of perfluoroalkyl acids in groundwater / Environment International 94:331~340
Hu, XDC / 2016 / Detection of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in US Drinking water linked to industrial sites, Military Fire Training Areas, and Wastewater Treatment Plants / Environ. Sci. Technol. Letters 3(10):344~350
CDC / 2015 / Fourth National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
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