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This study investigates the crucial question of whether Q 4:157 affirms the death of ‘Isa by using a critical hermeneutical approach to the text. In reviewing the traditional understanding of this verse, this paper analyzes eight representative Sunni commentaries from a critical hermeneutical point of view. According to Sunni traditional doctrines, this verse is understood to mean that ‘Isa did not die on the cross by the Jews, but was raised to heaven by Allah. In interpreting this verse, the Sunni traditional view revolved around a so-called “substitution theory” in which someone other than ‘Isa was killed by the Jews. Nevertheless, there has been a significantly large number of variant traditions that provide not only different but also contradicting details regarding to how it happened. This fact itself eradicates both the authority and the reliability of traditions as a basis of interpreting this verse Q 4:157.
One of the key conclusions of this study contends that this verse does not provide a convincing basis for the substitution theory as the traditional Sunni doctrines teach. This Sunni teaching does not derive from the valid hermeneutical conclusion of the Qur’anic text itself, but from the various traditions. Moreover, when one considers the unreliable contents of the traditions that are used in interpreting this verse, it is fair to state that this verse does not support the common Sunni idea that the substitute died in replacement of ‘Isa and that ‘Isa was raised into heaven without experiencing death. This study argues that whether ‘Isa died or not cannot be determined by this single verse only, but demands a more comprehensive study of other Qur’anic verses related to the subject.
This study also demonstrates the problematic nature of the Qur’anic hermeneutical process which depends heavily on the traditions by ignoring historical-grammatical hermeneutical approaches. Some of commentators, classical (e.g. al-Zamakhshari) or modern (e.g. Qutb), have noticed this issue and provided needed warnings. This study proves it necessary for students of the Qur’an to employ improved hermeneutical methods beyond a conventional way of heavily depending on the traditions in interpreting the Qur’an.
One of the key conclusions of this study contends that this verse does not provide a convincing basis for the substitution theory as the traditional Sunni doctrines teach. This Sunni teaching does not derive from the valid hermeneutical conclusion of the Qur’anic text itself, but from the various traditions. Moreover, when one considers the unreliable contents of the traditions that are used in interpreting this verse, it is fair to state that this verse does not support the common Sunni idea that the substitute died in replacement of ‘Isa and that ‘Isa was raised into heaven without experiencing death. This study argues that whether ‘Isa died or not cannot be determined by this single verse only, but demands a more comprehensive study of other Qur’anic verses related to the subject.
This study also demonstrates the problematic nature of the Qur’anic hermeneutical process which depends heavily on the traditions by ignoring historical-grammatical hermeneutical approaches. Some of commentators, classical (e.g. al-Zamakhshari) or modern (e.g. Qutb), have noticed this issue and provided needed warnings. This study proves it necessary for students of the Qur’an to employ improved hermeneutical methods beyond a conventional way of heavily depending on the traditions in interpreting the Qur’an.
목차
Ⅰ. 들어가는 말
Ⅱ. 꾸란 4:157을 둘러싼 본문의 문맥적 이해
Ⅲ. 꾸란 4:157 해석에 존재하는 주요 쟁점들
Ⅳ. 꾸란 4:157에 관한 대표적 순니 주석들 분석
Ⅴ. 꾸란 4:157에 관한 순니 주석들을 통해 본 꾸란 해석학의 문제점
Ⅵ. 꾸란 4장 157절 해석과 관련된 선교학적 시사점
Ⅶ. 맺는 말
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