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Purple non-sulfur (PNS) bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides KD131 was studied with the aim of achieving maximum hydrogen production using various carbon and nitrogen sources at different pH conditions. Cells grew well and produced hydrogen using (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO₄ or glutamate as a nitrogen source in combination with a carbon substrate, succinate or malate. During 48h of photo-heterotrophic fermentation under 110W/m² illumination using a halogen lamp at 30℃, 67% of 30mM succinate added was degraded and the hydrogen yield was estimated as 3.29mol H₂/mol-succinate. However, less than 30% of formate was consumed and hydrogen was not produced due to a lack of genes coding for the formate-hydrogen lyase complex of strain KD131. Initial cell concentrations of more than 0.6g dry cell weight/L-culture broth were not favorable for hydrogen evolution by cell aggregation, thus leading to substrate and light unavailability. In a modified Sistrom`s medium containing 30mM succinate with a carbon to nitrogen ratio of 12.85 (w/w), glutamate produced 1.40-fold more hydrogen compared to ammonium sulfate during the first 48h. However, ammonium sulfate was 1.78-fold more effective for extended cultivation of 96h. An initial pH range from 6.0 to 9.0 influenced cell growth and hydrogen production, and maintenance of pH 7.5 during photo- fermentation led to the increased hydrogen yield.

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