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The composition of anthocyanins was analyzed in two rice cultivars. 'Ilpum' showed no detectable levels, while 'Heugjinju' contained three types of anthocyanins: cyanidin, cyanidin 3-O-glucoside, and peonidin 3-O-glucoside. We also assessed the expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes - for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavanone $3{\beta}$-hydroxylase (F3H), dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), and anthocyanin synthase (ANS) - in different tissues of those cultivars. All five genes were expressed more in the leaves and seeds of 'Heugjinju' than in 'Ilpum', with the greatest amount of transcript being detected in 'Heugjinju' seeds. Two genes, DFR and ANS, had relatively high expression levels and were specific for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, expression of CHS, F3H, DFR, and ANS was enhanced during seed maturation and was correlated with ambient temperature during seedling growth.
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