Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Associated Risk Factors in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Hospital Based Case Control Study

Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali; Alharbi, Fahd; Bajonaid, Amal Mansoor S; Moafa, Ibtisam Hussain Y; Sharwani, Abubakker Al; Alamir, Abdulwahab Hussain A

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저자정보: Quadri, Mir Faeq Ali (Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University) Alharbi, Fahd (Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University) Bajonaid, Amal Mansoor S (Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University) Moafa, Ibtisam Hussain Y (Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University) Sharwani, Abubakker Al (Oral and Maxillofacial Department, King Fahd Central Hospital) Alamir, Abdulwahab Hussain A (Faculty of Dentistry, Jazan University)

저널정보: 아시아태평양암예방학회 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP 제16권 제10호

발행연도: 2015.1

수록면: 4,335 - 4,338 (4page)

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Background: Oral cancer is the third most common malignancy in Saudi Arabia, the highest incidence of which is reported from Jazan province. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of various locally used substances, especially shamma, with oral cancer in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based case-control study was designed and patient records were scanned for histologically confirmed oral cancer cases. Forty eight patients who were recently diagnosed with oral cancer were selected as cases. Two healthy controls were selected for each observed case and they were matched with age (+/- 5 years) gender and location. Use of different forms of tobacco such as cigarettes, pipe-smoking and shamma (smokeless-tobacco) was assessed. Khat, a commonly used chewing substance in the community was also included. Descriptive analysis was first performed followed by multiple logistic regression (with and without interaction) to derive odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Results: Mean age of the study sample (56% males and 44% females) was 65.3 years. Multinomial regression analysis revealed that shamma use increased the odds of developing oral cancer by 29 times (OR=29.3; 10.3-83.1). Cigarette (OR=6.74; 2.18-20.8) was also seen to have an effect. With the interaction model the odds ratio increased significantly for shamma users (OR=37.2; 12.3-113.2) and cigarette smokers (OR=10.5; 2.88-3.11). Khat was observed to have negative effect on the disease occurrence when used along with shamma (OR=0.01; 0.00 - 0.65). Conclusions: We conclude that shamma, a moist form of smokeless tobacco is a major threat for oral cancer occurrence in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. This study gives a direction to conduct further longitudinal studies in the region with increased sample size representing the population in order to provide more substantial evidence.

#Oral cancer #shamma #public health #Jazan province #Saudi Arabia

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