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Despite of safety issues related to radiological hazards, 31 countries around the world are operating more than 450 nuclear power plants (NPPs). To operate NPPs safely, safety regulations from radiation protection organizations were developed and adopted in many countries. However, many cases of radionuclide releases at foreign NPPs have been reported. Almost all commercial NPPs routinely release radioactive materials to the surrounding environments as liquid and gas phases under control. These releases are called 'planned releases' which are planned, regularly monitored, and well documented. Meanwhile, the releases focused in this review, called 'unplanned releases', are neither planned nor monitored by regulatory and/or protection organizations. NPPs are generally composed of various structures, systems and components (SSCs) for safety. Among them, the SSCs near reactors are closely related to safety of NPPs, and typically fabricated to comply with stringent requirements. However, some non-safety related SSCs such as underground pipes may be constructed only according to commercial standards, causing the leakage of radioactive fluids usually containing tritium ($^3H$). This paper discusses SSCs of NPPs and introduces several cases of unplanned releases at foreign NPPs. The current regulation on the environmental radiological surveillance and assessment around the NPPs in South Korea are also examined.
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참고문헌 (26)
참고문헌 신청
Amano, Y. / 2011 / Radiation protection and safety of radiation sources: International Basic Safety Standards, No. GSR Part 3 :1~435
Areva, N.P. / 2012 / US EPR Final Safety Analysis Report, Chapter :10.4~24
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission / 2014 / Tritium releases and dose consequences in Canada in 2006, INFO-0793
Ellegood, J.A. / 2009 / E-Mail from Ellegood to Lerch, Monitoring well tritium results from 4-10-09 sampling event
Exelon Generation Company / 2006 / Interim Remedial Action Plan :1~10
Areva, N.P. / 2012 / US EPR Final Safety Analysis Report, Chapter :10.4~24
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission / 2014 / Tritium releases and dose consequences in Canada in 2006, INFO-0793
Ellegood, J.A. / 2009 / E-Mail from Ellegood to Lerch, Monitoring well tritium results from 4-10-09 sampling event
Exelon Generation Company / 2006 / Interim Remedial Action Plan :1~10
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