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AbstractBackground: To test the hypothesis that in profile smiling view, for ideal aesthetics, a tangent to the labial face ofthe maxillary central incisor crowns should be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and therebyperpendicular to the true horizontal line. Methods: An idealized female image was created with computer software and manipulated using the samesoftware to construct an “ideal” female profile image with proportions, and linear and angular soft tissuemeasurements, based on currently accepted criteria for idealized Caucasian profiles. The maxillary incisor labial facetangent was altered in 5° increments from 70 to 120°, creating a range of images, shown in random order to 70observers (56 lay people and 14 clinicians), who ranked the images from the most to the least attractive. The mainoutcome was the preference ranks of image attractiveness given by the observers. Results: The most attractive inclination of a tangent to the labial face of the maxillary incisor crowns in profile viewin relation to the true horizontal line was 85°, i.e. 5° retroclined from a perpendicular 90° inclination. The mostattractive range appears to be between 80 and 90°. Excessive proclination appeared to be less desirable thanretroclination. Beyond 105° most observers recommend treatment. Conclusion: In natural head position, the ideal inclination of the maxillary incisor crown labial face tangent inprofile view will be approximately parallel to the true vertical line and thereby approximately perpendicular to thetrue horizontal line.

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