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A dynamic range extension technique is proposed based on a 3-transistor active pixel sensor (APS) with gate/body-tied p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (PMOSFET)-type photodetector using a feedback structure. The new APS consists of a pseudo 3-transistor APS and an additional gate/body-tied PMOSFET-type photodetector, and to extend the dynamic range, an NMOSFET switch is proposed. An additional detector and an NMOSFET switch are integrated into the APS to provide negative feedback. The proposed APS and pseudo 3-transistor APS were designed and fabricated using a 0.35- m 2-poly 4-metal standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Afterwards, their optical responses were measured and characterized. Although the proposed pixel size increased in comparison with the pseudo 3-transistor APS, the proposed pixel had a significantly extended dynamic range of 98 dB compared to a pseudo 3-transistor APS, which had a dynamic range of 28 dB. We present a proposed pixel that can be switched between two operating modes depending on the transfer gate voltage. The proposed pixel can be switched between two operating modes depending on the transfer gate voltage: normal mode and WDR mode. We also present an imaging system using the proposed APS.
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참고문헌 (18)
참고문헌 신청
D.X.D. Yang / 1999 / A640ø512 CMOS image sensor with ultrawidedynamic range floating-point pixel-level ADC / IEEEJournal of Solid-State Circuits 34 (12) : 1821 ~ 1834
E. Fossum / 1997 / CMOS image sensors: electronic cameraon- a-chip / IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 44 (10) : 1689 ~ 1698
G.G. Storm / 2004 / Combined linear-logarithmic CMOS image sensor / IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech : 112 ~ 116
H.-Y. Cheng / 2008 / An integrating wide dynamic-range image sensor with a logarithmic response / IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 56 (11) : 2423 ~ 2428
M. Bigas / 2006 / Review of CMOS image sensors / Microelectronics Journal 37 (5) : 433 ~ 451
E. Fossum / 1997 / CMOS image sensors: electronic cameraon- a-chip / IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 44 (10) : 1689 ~ 1698
G.G. Storm / 2004 / Combined linear-logarithmic CMOS image sensor / IEEE ISSCC Dig. Tech : 112 ~ 116
H.-Y. Cheng / 2008 / An integrating wide dynamic-range image sensor with a logarithmic response / IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 56 (11) : 2423 ~ 2428
M. Bigas / 2006 / Review of CMOS image sensors / Microelectronics Journal 37 (5) : 433 ~ 451
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