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Bionanotechnology has revolutionized nanomaterial synthesis by providing a green syntheticplatform using biological systems. Among such biological systems, microalgae havetremendous potential to take up metal ions and produce nanoparticles by a detoxificationprocess. The present study explores the intracellular and extracellular biogenic syntheses ofsilver nanoparticles (SNPs) using the unicellular green microalga Scenedesmus sp. Biosynthesized SNPs were characterized by AAS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TEM, XRD, FTIR,DLS, and TGA studies and finally checked for antibacterial activity. Intracellular nanoparticlebiosynthesis was initiated by a high rate of Ag+ ion accumulation in the microalgal biomassand subsequent formation of spherical crystalline SNPs (average size, 15-20 nm) due to thebiochemical reduction of Ag+ ions. The synthesized nanoparticles were intracellular, asconfirmed by the UV-Vis spectra of the outside medium. Furthermore, extracellular synthesisusing boiled extract showed the formation of well scattered, highly stable, spherical SNPs withan average size of 5-10 nm. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were confirmed byTEM. The crystalline nature of the SNPs was evident from the diffraction peaks of XRD andbright circular ring pattern of SAED. FTIR and UV-Vis spectra showed that biomolecules,proteins and peptides, are mainly responsible for the formation and stabilization of SNPs. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited high antimicrobial activity againstpathogenic gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Use of such a microalgal systemprovides a simple, cost-effective alternative template for the biosynthesis of nanomaterials in alarge-scale system that could be of great use in biomedical applications.

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