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The development of the gut is controlled and modulated by different interacting mechanisms,such as genetic endowment, intrinsic biological regulatory functions, environment influencesand last but no least, the diet influence. In this work, we compared the fecal microbiota ofbreast-fed (BF), formula-fed (FF), and mixed-fed (MF) infants from Hebei Province, China. Byusing high-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing analyses, we found some differences in gutmicrobiota in the three groups. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria atthe phylum level in the three groups, where FF infants showed a significant depletion inBacteroidetes (p < 0.001) and Actinobacteria (p < 0.05). Enterobacteriaceae was the dominantbacteria at the family level in the three groups, but FF infants showed higher Enterobacteriaceaeenrichment than BF and MF infants (p < 0.05); the abundance of the Bifidobacteriaceae wasonly 8.16% in the feces of BF infants, but higher than in MF and FF infants (p < 0.05). Thenumber of genera detected (abundance >0.01%) in BF, MF, and FF infants was only 15, 16, and13, respectively. This study could provide more accurate and scientific data for the futurestudy of infant intestinal flora.

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