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Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent foodborne pathogen worldwide. Human infection by C. jejuni primarily arises from contaminated poultry meats. Genes expressed in vivo may play animportant role in the pathogenicity of C. jejuni. We applied an immunoscreening method, invivo-induced antigen technology (IVIAT), to identify in vivo-induced genes during humaninfection by C. jejuni. An inducible expression library of genomic proteins was constructedfrom sequenced C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and was then screened using adsorbed, pooled humansera obtained from clinical patients. We successfully identified 24 unique genes expressed invivo. These genes were implicated in metabolism, molecular biosynthesis, genetic informationprocessing, transport, and other processes. We selected six genes with different functions tocompare their expression levels in vivo and in vitro using real-time RT-PCR. The resultsshowed that the selected six genes were significantly upregulated in vivo but not in vitro. Inshort, these identified in vivo-induced genes may contribute to human infection of C. jejuni,some of which may be meaningful vaccine candidate antigens or diagnosis serologic markersfor campylobacteriosis. IVIAT may present a significant and efficient method forunderstanding the pathogenicity mechanism of Campylobacter and for finding targets for itsprevention and control.

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