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Tumor cells genetically engineered to secretecytokines are effective in tumor therapy, but various unexpectedside effects are observed, which may result from the bulktumor vaccines expressing various membrane-bound forms ofIL-2 (mbIL-2) on MethA fibrosarcoma cells to focus antitumorimmune responses to CTL. Chimeric forms of IL-2 with wholeCD4, deletion forms of CD4, and TNF were expressed on thetumor cell surface, respectively. Tumor clones expressingmbIL-2 or secretory form of IL-2 were able to support the celgrowth of CTLL-2, an IL-2-dependent T cel line, and theproliferation of spleen cels from 2C TCR transgenic micethat are responsive to the p2Ca/Ld MHC class I complex.of tumor cells, and the mice that once rejected the live IL-2/TNF tumor clone acquired systemic immunity against wild-type MethA cells. The IL-2/TNF clone was inferior to otherclones in tumor formation, and superior in the stimulation ofthe CD8+ T cell population in vitro. These results suggestthat the IL-2/TNF clone is the best tumor vaccine, and maystimulate CD8+ T cells by direct priming. Expression of IL-2/TNF on tumor cells may serve as an effective gene therapyrecombinant cytokine therapy and the conventional cytokinegene therapy using the secretory form of IL-2.

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