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In the present study, it was observed how thephage-host system that is naturally reproduced in activatedsludge is affected by the host inoculation. The system ofMicrolunatus phosphovorus and its phages was selected asthe phage-host system native to an activated sludge systemoperated for 19 days under sequencing anaerobic-aerobicphage-host system related to M. phosphovorus was monitoredby plaque assay for the phages and by fluorescent in situhybridization (FISH) for the bacterial host. In addition, thewhole phage structure was also monitored by pulsed-field gelelectrophoresis (PFGE). During the first 9 days, the phage-host system was more or les steady at aprox. 9% (FISH/DAPI) for M. phosphovorus and aprox. 10,000 PFU/ml forMicrolunatus phosphovorus JCM9379 wasinoculated into the activated sludge on day 10. Right after theinoculation, M. phosphovorus was approx. 24% (FISH/DAPI)whereas its lytic phages dropped down to aprox. 50 PFU/ml. After the host inoculation (within 9 days), however, thephage-host system eventually reverted to its original level ineach population. On the other hand, the whole phage structurewas not significantly changed by M. phosphovorus inoculationchange that four phage groups gradualy became abundantafter the host inoculation was observed.

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