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DNA microarray was used to study the transcrip-tion profiling of Escherichia coli adapting to acetate as a solecarbon source. Bacteria grown in glucose minimal media3,497 genes were monitored at seven time points during thisadaptation. Among the central metabolic genes, the glycolyticand glucose phosphotransferase genes were represed as thebacteria entered stationary phase, whereas the glyoxylatepathway, TCA cycle, and gluconeogenic genes were induced.Distinct induction or represion patterns were recognizedamong different pathway genes. For example, the repressionof glycolytic genes and the induction of gluconeogenic onesstarted imediately after glucose was depleted. On the otherand glyoxylate genes gradually responded to the glucosedepletion or was more related to growth in acetate. Whenthe whole genome was considered, many of the CRP,FadR, and Cra regulons were immediately responsive to theglucose depletion, whereas the σs, Lrp, and IHF regulonswere gradualy responsive to the glucose depletion. Theexpression profiling also provided differential regulations betweenisoenzymes; for example, malic enzymes A (sfcA) and B(maeB). The expression profiles of three genes were confirmedwith RT-PCR.

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