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Genomic analysis of a hyperthermophilic archaeon,Thermococcus onnurineus open reading frame consisting of 1,377 bp similar to α-amylasesfrom Thermococcales, encoding a 458-residue polypeptidecontaining a putative 25-residue signal peptide. The matureform of the α-amylase was cloned and the recombinant enzymewas characterized. The optimum activity of the enzyme occurredat 80oC and pH 5.5. The enzyme showed a liquefying activity,hydrolyzing maltoligosaccharides, amylopectin, and starchto producenot pullulan and cyclodextrin. Surprisingly, the enzyme wasnot highly thermostable, with half-life (t1/2) values of 10 min at90oC, despite the high similarity to α-amylases from Pyrococcus.Factors affecting the thermostability were considered to enhancethe thermostability. The presence of Ca2+ seemed to becritical, significantly changing t1/2 at 90oC to 153 min by theaddition of 0.5 mM Ca2+. On the other hand, the thermostabilitywas not enhanced by the addition of Zn2+ or other divalentmetals, irrespective of the concentration. The mutageneticstudy showed that the recovery of zinc-binding residues(His175 and Cys189) enhanced the thermostability, indicatingthat the residues involved in metal binding is very critical forthe thermostability.

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