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Binding of viruses to cel surface molecules is an essential step in viral infection. In vitro studies suggested that the αvβ3 integrin receptor is the epithelial cell receptor for Hantan virus (HTNV). Whether β3 is in vivo the only or central cellular receptor for HTNV infection is not known. To investigate the role of β3 integrin for cellular model in newborn murine pups. Infected pups died at an average age of 14.21.1 days with high levels of viral antigen detected in their brain, lung, and kidney. Pre-injection of blocking mono-clonal antibodies (mAb) specific for either β3 or αv prolonged survival significantly to a maximal average survival of 19.7 1.5 days (P < 0.01) and 18.4 0.9 days (P < 0.01), respectively. XT- 19, a chemical blocker of the αvβ3 receptor also prolonged survival to 19.5 1.3 days (P < 0.01). In contrast to these receptor blockades, anti- HTNV antibody was not only able to prolong survival, but 20% of infected pups achieved long- term survival. An anti-murine β1 antibody compa-ratively prolonged survival (19.0 1.2 days), sugesting that HTNV infection is partly mediated through integrin β1 receptors as wel as through β3 receptors in vivo. Our data demonstrate that the β3 receptor is important for HTNV infection in vivoaditional receptors beyond β3 for celular entry within an organism.

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