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Purpose: Although warfarin is an effective oral anticoagulation (OAC) drug to reduce the risk of thromboembolism in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), long term follow-up data are scarce to be certain whether the target INR level is maintained in warfarin-treated patients in Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate how well INRs are maintained within the target range using a new index, INR stability (=100×number of INRs within target range/ total number of INR measurements) which we made, and to find out any correlation between thromboembolic events and INR stability. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational analysis of retrospectively collected data of 129 patients with NVAF from April 2000 to December 2005 at a single tertiary hospital. All patients were registered at the anticoagulation service. Results: The median duration of follow up was 2.03 years (interquartile range 1.35-2.96). During the follow-up period, 60.9±14.9% of the INR were within the target INR range. INR stability was not significantly different between patients without and with stroke (61.2±15.0% vs 53.3±4.9%). Among the known factors affecting fluctuations of the INR value, the most frequent factor was noncompliance (41.8%). Conclusion: The present study showed that it was not enough to maintain INR values within the target range in warfarin-treated patients with NVAF even at a tertiary hospital. Noncompliance is an important problem which interferes with maintaining target INR range.

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