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Purpose: Regulatory T cells (Tregs), expressing CD4 and CD25 as well as Foxp3, are knownto play a pivotal role in immunoregulatory function in autoimmune diseases, cancers, andgraft rejection. Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the major antigen-presenting cells(APCs) for initiating these T-cell immune responses, of which CD103+ DCs are derived fromprecursor human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The aim of the present studywas to evaluate the capacity of these PBMC-derived CD103+ DCs to promote the differentiationof antigen-specific Tregs. Methods: Monocyte-derived DCs were induced from CD14+ monocytes from the PBMCs of10 healthy subjects. Once the CD103+ DCs were purified, the cell population was enrichedby adding retinoic acid (RA). Peptide numbers 14 and 19 of Porphyromonas gingivalis heatshock protein 60 (HSP60) were synthesized to pulse CD103+ DCs as a tool for presentingthe peptide antigens to stimulate CD3+ T cells that were isolated from human PBMC. Exogenousinterleukin 2 was added as a coculture supplement. The antigen-specific T-cell linesestablished were phenotypically identified for their expression of CD4, CD25, or Foxp3. Results: When PBMCs were used as APCs, they demonstrated only a marginal capacity tostimulate peptide-specific Tregs, whereas CD103+ DCs showed a potent antigen presentingcapability to promote the peptide-specific Tregs, especially for peptide 14. RA enhancedthe conversion of CD103+ DCs, which paralleled the antigen-specific Treg-stimulating effect,though the differences failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions: We demonstrated that CD103+ DCs can promote antigen-specific Tregs fromnaive T cells, when used as APCs for an epitope peptide from P. gingivalis HSP60. RA wasan effective reagent that induces mature DCs with the typical phenotypic expression ofCD103 that demonstrated the functional capability to promote antigen-specific Tregs.

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