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Purpose:Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eosinophilic inflammation have their role in asthma, but there were no studies on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis. The aim of our study was to investigate whether TNF-α has a role in eosinophilic inflammation of lower respiratory tract infections with RSV and has the correlation with other cytokines. Methods:Fifty children with first RSV bronchiolitis (RSV group) and 18 healthy children without any respiratory symptom and sign (control group) were enrolled. Clinical data, such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), were analyzed. We measured interleukin (IL)-5, IL-8, TNF-α, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interferon (IFN)-γ, eotaxin, and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) in nasal lavage fluid in both groups. Results:Eotaxin, GM-CSF, IL-8, IFN-γ and TNF-α were higher in the RSV group than the control group. TNF-α correlated with an eosinophil-active cytokine, GM-CSF (r=0.86, P< 0.0001), IFN-γ (r=0.90, P<0.0001), and with eosinophil-active C-C chemokines such as eotaxin (r=0.50, P<0.0001). TNF-α also correlated with proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8 (r= 0.81, P<0.0001). Conclusion:TNF-α correlated with eosinophil-active chemokines and cytokines. Therefore, TNF-α may have a role in eosinophilic inflammation in children with RSV bronchiolitis.

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