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Background: Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the thyroid is a useful tool for the evaluation of be­nign or malignant thyroid nodules. The improvements in the quality of cytological preparations using the liquid-based cytology (LBC) method have been well-documented. The principal objec­tive of this study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic adequacy, sensitivity, and specificity of the thyroid FNA comparing a conventional smear with the LBC adapted with the filtration method described herein. Methods: One hundred ninety eight cases of FNA samples obtained from May 2009 to September 2009 were included in this study. All patients were subjected to ultrasound-guided aspiration twice at a target lesion by a radiologist and two types of slides were prepared using conventional smear and LBC. Results: When compared with conventional method, the cel­lularity was reduced in LBC. However, the malignant tumor cells evidenced the larger and more vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and distinct nuclear membranes in LBC. Thirty two cases (16.16%) of conventional smear were inadequate, but 96 cases (48.49%) of LBC were inade­quate. Conclusions: Most of the slides using CellprepPlus^® LBC evidenced lower cellularity and clearer background. However, the conventional smears were found to generate much more ap­plicable samples than CellprepPlus^® LBC.

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