북한은 개혁에 나설 것인가. 과연 변화할 수 있는가. 변화내지 개혁을 시도한다면 어떠한 모델을따를 것인가. 그동안 우리나라는 통일과 북한의문제를 자본주의적 방식 혹은 통일을 달성한 국가들을 모델로 하여 논의를 진행하여 왔다. 통일 독일, 예멘, 베트남 모델 등이 그것이다. 남북한 통일의 방식과 관련하여 완전한 한국 주도의 흡수통일 혹은 연방제 통일 국가 등을 검토하였다.
그러나 북한의 현실을 보면 우리나라의 시각이나 바람대로 될 것인가에 의문이 든다. 통일 원칙이나 방식과 관련하여 그동안 우리나라가 견지해온 방안에 문제점이 나타나고 있기 때문이다.
특히 통일 비용이나 난민 등이 문제에 대해서는해결방법이 없다는 점도 고민거리이다.
지난 5년간 남북한 관계는 상당부분 단절되었고, 거의 모든 영역에서 남북한 관계가 후퇴하였다. 남북한 관계의 민감성은 연평도 포격이나 천안함 폭침사건에서 나타나듯이 대결과 충돌의 가능성만을 확인시켜 주었다. 남북관계가 단절된지난 5년간 북중 관계는 우리의 상상보다 더 빠르게 진전되고 있다. 조중 우호관계로 진행되고있는 이러한 상황은 신압록강대교 건설, 황금평과 위화도 개발, 훈춘지역과 나선항 개방 정책에서 확인할 수 있다.
This paper is a study on the impact of institutional change in North Korea’s land by the land system changes in China. China was carried out land reform in the course of the development of Free Economic and Trade Zone and operation of rural collective land. Land use rights as a symbol of the Free Economic and Trade Zone of China and open-door policy, and land issues in China’s rural which is represented by utilization of collective land, in the future, the strategy of North Korea’s open-door policy and the operation of the land system is giving a lot of implications.
This study has focused that North Korea should be applied China’s experience in land policy to some extent. How much will be applied North Korea for China’s open-door policy and Free Economic and Trade Zone model. How much should be applied North Korea of China’s rural land reform model. What factors should be considered if the model applied to China model. What is the impact of North Korea’s unification of land system change. I was studied to review this China’s urban land reform and the reform of collective land. Rural land system in China has been stipulated in Land Management Act enacted in 1986. And collective land use rights of farmers are included the Law of Reality in 2007.
North Korea was carried out the land reform according to the theory of socialism in 1946. However,in the early 1990s, the constant change has emerged from the process of the collapse of the socialist bloc,deconstruction, and seeking survival. North Korea was first introduced in the land lease system for Free Economic and Trade Zone Rajin. In 1993, North Korea was adopted land lease law. However North Korea is limited land use coverage to foreigners and foreign companies. This can be described as a defensive strategy for reducing the system according to the open-threatening elements. However, legal system of Free Economic and Trade Zone will be spread North Korea through a constant process in all areas from the perspective of China.
North Korea shall establish a strategy for the movement of labor and land system to time of openness and reform. Land system is the deciding factor of success or failure for North Korea’s reform and openness. If China is not prepared properly countermeasures on the experience issues, North Korea will face to the great crisis. Therefore North Korea is a need to adopt land use rights system of the Chinese-Model. North Korea can take advantage of the land rent for national resources and the costs of unification. Also, at the unification, there is a need to review the rural land for the permanent rental system and shareholders of the land.