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The Formation of Public Sphere and Gender Politics during the Nation-building Period of the First Republic of South Korea in the 1950s
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1950년대 1공화국 국가 건설기 공적영역의 형성과 젠더 정치

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Journal
이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 여성학논집 여성학논집 제29권 제1호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2012.1
Pages
113 - 155 (43page)

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The Formation of Public Sphere and Gender Politics during the Nation-building Period of the First Republic of South Korea in the 1950s
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This paper grew out of an interest in the ways in which women's organizations and women leaders of the First Republic of South Korea took part in the formation of the state as well as the kinds of places and spaces that women held within the nation-state. It focuses on the women who rose to leadership in the 1950s following the liberation of Korea from Japanese colonial rule and the Korean War and takes the activities of women's organizations in which they played primary roles as their attempts to create the women's public sphere during the nation-building period. It also analyzes the processes through which these attempts were accepted, negotiated or obstructed, using the perspective of the gendering of the public sphere. The First Republic was a period in which numerous groups tried to lay claim to establishing the nation-state after colonial rule. Women who had been actively involved in the building of the First Republic set up organizations and associations to represent women, proposed that state administrative organs include women's sections, and concentrated on procuring a space for women in legislative organs. Acknowledging the contribution of women in the beginning of his regime, Rhee Syngman appointed many women to public office. However, once the issue of setting up an independent government of South Korea seemed to have been resolved, the attitude toward women's organizations and women leaders was shifted to seeing them as objects of mobilization and collaboration. Since then, with the internal power struggle within the regime becoming heightened and problems such as dictatorship and corruption rising to the surface, the public sphere gradually became masculinized, and the various activities by women's organizations and women leaders in both official and unofficial spheres came to be understood in terms of women's sexuality having inappropriately entered into spaces of men. As such, women wishing to participate in the public sphere were redefined as private and sexual beings upon which male heterosexual fantasies were realized, and spaces of women's public sphere which they had worked hard to achieve were marginalized and reduced. Interpreting women's will to take part in the nation-building of the First Republic as an effort to create and institutionalize the women's public sphere is an attempt to problematize the gendered institutionalization of the public sphere in South Korea.
#1950년대 #젠더정치 #여류명사 #여성적 공적영역 #여성단체 #The 1950s #gender politics #women leaders #women's organizations #women's public sphere

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Arendt, Hannah / 2002 / 인간의 조건 / 한길사 google schola Benhabib, Seyla / 1998 / Models of public space: Hannah Arendt, the liberal tradition, Jurgen Habermas, In Feminism, the public and the private / Oxford University Press google schola Channing, Lien / 1949 / United States Rule in Korea / Far Eastern Survey 18 (6) google schola Davidoff, Leonore / 1995 / Worlds between : historical perspectives on gender and class / Polity Press google schola Fraser, Nancy / 1995 / What’s Critical about Critical Theory?, In Feminists read Habermas: gendering the subject of discourse / Routledge google schola

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