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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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The British surrender to the Japanese at Singapore in February 1942 marked perhaps the greatest military defeat in Britain’s history, with wide-reaching consequences. Singapore had been developed by the British as a major naval base from 1921 and portrayed as an ‘impregnable’ fortress against Japanese advance. Originally, it had been planned to station a British Pacific Fleet at Singapore, however this was cancelled due to budget cuts. Instead there developed what has been called the ‘Singapore strategy’, the plan that in the event of any attack Singapore would be saved by the timely arrival of a Royal Naval fleet sent from Europe. The defences of the Singapore base centred upon the installation of large naval guns to prevent a direct seaborne attack. Due to the ‘unsuitable’ jungle terrain of southern Malaya, no permanent landward defences were felt necessary, and none were built. The British government and British military officers generally held a dismissive, ‘orientalist’, view of the Japanese armed forces and assumed that any Japanese attack on Singapore would be both unlikely and doomed to failure. Consequently there was no need to incur major financial expenditure or special training effort in defending Singapore. Singapore would, essentially, defend itself by being perceived as a mighty ‘fortress’. After 1935, and examined here in detail for the first time, determined efforts were put wittingly and unwittingly into constructing the myth of ‘Fortress Singapore’ in reports, newspaper and magazine articles, images, cartoons and by word-of-mouth. It was anticipated by the ‘myth-makers’, including Winston Churchill, that the ‘prudent’ Japanese would be deterred from any advance on such a fortress. The myth succeeded, not against its Japanese target audience but against its creators, the British, with disastrous effect.
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참고문헌 (41)
참고문헌 신청
/ 1921 / Singapore. Development as a Naval Base / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1922 / Oversea Defence Committee (ODC) Paper No. 113 / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Naval Staff Conference minutes / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Singapore. Proposed Naval Base / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Speech on Navy Estimates
/ 1922 / Oversea Defence Committee (ODC) Paper No. 113 / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Naval Staff Conference minutes / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Singapore. Proposed Naval Base / United Kingdom National Archives
/ 1923 / Speech on Navy Estimates
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