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This article aims at reconsidering education and literature in the early modern period of enlightenment with the case of Haehak Lee Gi, one of the traditional intellectuals in that period.
Lee Gi was a traditional intellectual who made efforts to maintain his own independent viewpoint even in the period of the overwhelming Western power and the right of the strongest. He made points of the vices of flunkeyism, use of Chinese characters, and class discrimination on the side of convention and presented independence, use of Hangeul, and equalitarianism, while he claimed on the side of the theory of education that people should be made group members who could communicate with each other, exchange each other’s knowledge to share their recognition as they would receive equal school education aiming at the restoration of the national regime without class discrimination. Though he was a traditional Confucian scholar, he also devoted himself to the introduction of modern sciences as he desperately realized that the new learning would be what Koreans should pursue in future. However, while doing so, he maintained his attitude with which he tried to attain the basic spirit from the early Confucianism. His writing was focused on the reform of the ruling class’ awareness just as he himself began with a thorough self-reflection. The fact that allegoric writing, one of the traditional methods of writing, was considerably used in his articles is also related to this. Lee Gi’s achievements cannot be said to be brilliant in comparison with those by Park Eun-sik, Sin Chae-ho etc., who at that time found the national spirit, the nation from Korean history and Hangeul texts and left literary writings for the extension of their findings. However, he is a figure of another type of intellectuals in the early modern period of enlightenment as he reflected always on the basis of traditional things while engaged in enlightenment discourses with his recognition of changing conditions.
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