이 연구의 목적은 사이코드라마의 치료요인을 개발하고 타당성을 검증하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 치료요인 척도 개발은 문헌 연구, 포커스 그룹 면담, 그리고 설문조사와 같은 연역적․귀납적 두 가지 연구방법을 병행하여 측정도구를 개발함으로써 연구의 타당성을 높이고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 사이코드라마 치료요인 척도에 대한 신뢰도와타당도를 검증함으로써 감정 정화 및 욕구충족 요인, 새로운 인식 및 이해 요인, 집단분위기 및 상호작용 요인, 생명력 요인, 자아확장 요인 등 5요인에 각각 9문항씩 45문항을 갖춘 사이코드라마 치료요인 척도를 개발하였다. 사이코드라마 치료요인 척도는 사이코드라마 경험 후 치료효과를 보다 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 도구라는 것을 알 수 있다.
The purpose of this study is to develop Psychodrama Therapeutic Factors Scale and to test its validity.
To begin with, therapeutic factors (emotional purification, fulfillment of desires, self-esteem, self-expansion, new perception and understandings and group moods and its interrelation) in 6 dimensional subgroups (emotion, perception, the self, desires, existence, and group) were derived and conceptualized by investigating domestic and international literatures and interviewing focus group. The focus group consists of 4 groups including over 10-year experienced experts in performing psychodrama and psychodrama society members who had over 250 hours in participating and over 5 times of main characters. Through 3 experts' consensus with me, 133 preparatory questions were devised, which were organized on the first draft of psychodrama therapeutic factors scale based on literature researches and interviews of focus groups. By proving validity of contents with the help of 5 experts concerning about 133 questions, the contents were revised and supplemented. As the result, 82 questions for preparatory investigation were chosen. The preparatory research was conducted in questionnaires by e-mail to attendee at national psychodrama workshops, annual meetings of societies or local institutes and to members of psychodrama society.
To be analyzed, 193 answers were available. The proper number of factors was 5 in the dimension of statistical standards and interpretational possibility. As for getting factor structures, it was designed for Direct Oblimin and Principal Axis Factoring was conducted. After doing that some questions estimated to explain each factor were chosen and the total number of them was 67. To confirm 5 factor structures which was chosen in preparatory research, direct questionnaires were performed to attendee at national psychodrama workshops, annual meetings of societies or local institutes. In addition, validity tests were conducted to psychodrama club students in around 10 universities and graduate students majoring in counseling psychology. Analysis sources were 258 in total. Each 5 factor of psychodrama therapeutic factors scale in 9 questions were derived to be 45 questions in total. With the experiment of getting Chronbach's α coefficient as to reliability on 45 questions, the whole reliability was .97 as high.
For this, the interrelations were tested among established counseling therapeutic factors scale such as Group Counseling Therapeutic Factor Scale of Kivlighan et al. (1996), Therapeutic Factor Scale of Yoon, Seong Choel et al.(1997), Self-respect Scale of Rosenberg(1965), and Emotional Expression Scale developed by Kring et al.(1994). The overall correlation with group counseling therapeutic factors was .85 (p<.001) and that with therapeutic factors scale was .52 (p<.001), which means that there was a significant correlation. Furthermore, the overall correlation with self-respect scale was .41(p<.001) and that of emotion expression was .35(p<.001), which means that there was a significant correlation.
Thus, it might be concluded that psychodrama therapeutic factors scale are tools to measure the efficiency of treatment more objectively after psychodrama.