본 연구는 어머니의 양육행동과 유아의 자기조절간의 관계를 살펴보는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구 대상은 임의 표집한 9개의 유아교육기관에 재원 중인 만4∼6세 유아 537명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 어머니 양육행동을 측정하기 위해 Crase, Clark와 Pease(1978)가 개발한 IOWA 부모양육행동척도(IPBI: Iowa Parent Behavior Inventory-Mother Form)를 홍계옥(1994)이 수정․번안한 것을 사용하였고, 유아의 자기조절감을 측정하기 위한 도구로는 이정란(2003)이 개발한 ‘자기조절 측정도구’를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 t-test, 상관분석과 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 어머니들은 남아에 비해 여아들에게 더 반응적인 양육행동을 보였다. 둘째, 자기조절감에 대한 성별차이에서는 여아들이 남아에 비해 자기평가, 자기결정, 행동억제가 높았고, 반면에 정서성은 남아들이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 전체 유아를 대상으로 어머니의 양육행동이 자기조절에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 자기평가에 유의한 영향을 미치는 어머니의 양육행동은 합리적 지도였고, 자기결정은 합리적지도와 제한성이었으며, 행동억제는 애정성 이었다. 넷째, 남자 유아의 자기평가에 영향을 주는 어머니의 양육행동 변인은 합리적지도, 자기결정에는 합리적지도와 제한성, 행동억제에는 제한성과 애정성, 정서성에는 제한성과 반응성이었다. 다섯째, 여자 유아의 자기평가에 영향을 주는 어머니의 양육행동 변인은 합리적지도, 자기결정에는 합리적지도와 애정성, 행동억제에는 애정성 이었다.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between subfactor of mother's parenting style and subfactor of children's self-regulation. The subject of this study were 537 children who are at the age of 4 to 6 from 9 children's houses and kindergartens.
In order to measure mother's parenting style, we used IPBI(devised by Crase, Clark and Pease (1978)) which had been modified and translated by Hong, Gae Ok(1994). We also used the measuring instrument of children's self-regulation proposed by Lee, Jung Ran(2003) to measure the children's self-regulation. The item of frequence and percentage were used to analyze subjects' of general quality. We conducted Cronbach for reliability verification and T-test for analyzing the difference between mother's parenting style and children's self-regulation. We chose multiregression analysis and correlation coefficient analysis in order to examine how mother's parenting style influence on children's self-regulation. Lastly, we applied multiregression analysis and correlation coefficient analysis to male groups and female groups each.
Data analysis above revealed following results: Firstly, mothers showed more responsive attitudes with a female than with a male. Secondly, we found higher self-estimation, self-determination and self-controling with female groups than male groups but also found that male groups are more emotional than female groups. Female children have abilities which are as follows:An ability to recognize what they know and can do. An ability to control a behavior and impulse. An ability to keep rules. An ability to check their thoughts and behaviors. On the other hand, male children show more a negative emotion at strange and challengeable circumstances than female show.
Thirdly, we found that mother's parenting style influences on self-regulation of all groups. The result are as belows: A rational guidance among mother's parenting style influences on self-estimation. A restriction and rational guidance among mother's parenting style influence on self-determination. A affection influences on restraint of a behavior.
Fourthly, According to the result of male groups, A rational guidance among mother's parenting style influences on self-estimation and self-determination. A restriction among mother's parenting style influence on self-determination, restraint of a behavior and emotion. A affection also influences on restraint of a behavior. Therefore, mother's affection, restriction and rational leading improve children's ability of self-estimation, self-determination and restraint of a behaviour.
Finally, According to the result of female groups, A rational guidance among mother's parenting style influences on self-estimation and self-determination. A affection influences on self-determination and restraint of a behavior. Therefore, mother's rational leading improves children's ability of self-estimation and self-determination. mother's affection improves children's ability of self-determination and restraint of a behaviour.