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“Circe” in Ulysses is the chapter in which Bloom’s suppressed desire is unleashed and sublimated. More recently, for many critics it is considered as a Joyce’s critique of sexual discrimination and patriarchy in the sense that Bloom’s perversity is the outcome of social biases on sexuality. However, Bloom’s perversity, especially his androgyny not only implies social criticism but also is the essential element in Joyce’s theory of creativity. Since Plato, androgyne imagination has been an important aspect of the Western literary theory of creativity. Therefore, a study on “Circe”, or Bloom’s perversity such as androgyny should be at once the study on Joyce’s theory of creativity through feminine imagery and the study on the changes and consequences in the history of sexuality and femininity. This paper, accordingly, analyzes some aspects of Circe’s images in ancient works, compares them with those of “Circe” in Ulysses, and examines Bloom’s androgyny in its historical context.
Circe in the classic works has the same positive aspects such as creativity, rebirth, sublimation and initiation for men rather than negative aspects as a witch. These positive aspects function as an essential condition for Bloom to transform himself to a reformer and an artist and to achieve his humanity. That is, “Circe” in Ulysses at once criticizes existing sexual morality and reveals the positive aspects of femininity as seen in the Circe images since ancient times, which helps to understand the relation between Joyce’s theory of creativity and its indebtedness to the ancient tradition. This paper, through the examples in the classics, examines the historical condition that “Circe” shows when Joyce’s theory of creativity meets Bloom’s androgyny in the historical context.
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참고문헌 (25)
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Apuleius, Lucius / 1986 / The Golden Ass / Indiana UP
Barkan, Leonard / 1986 / Gods Made Flesh: Metamorphosis & the Pursuit of Paganism / Yale UP
Boone, Joseph Allen / 1982 / A New Approach to Bloom as ‘Womanly Man’: The Mixed Middling’s Progress in Ulysses / James Joyce Quarterly 20 (1) : 67 ~ 82
Brown, Richard / 1985 / James Joyce and Sexuality / Cambridge UP
Carver, Craig / 1975 / Moly: Bloom’s Preservative: Correspondence and Function in Ulysses / James Joyce Quarterly 12 (4) : 416 ~ 421
Barkan, Leonard / 1986 / Gods Made Flesh: Metamorphosis & the Pursuit of Paganism / Yale UP
Boone, Joseph Allen / 1982 / A New Approach to Bloom as ‘Womanly Man’: The Mixed Middling’s Progress in Ulysses / James Joyce Quarterly 20 (1) : 67 ~ 82
Brown, Richard / 1985 / James Joyce and Sexuality / Cambridge UP
Carver, Craig / 1975 / Moly: Bloom’s Preservative: Correspondence and Function in Ulysses / James Joyce Quarterly 12 (4) : 416 ~ 421
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