경력관리의 패러다임이 고용안정성에서 고용가능성으로 전환되고 있다. 조직 주도의 경력관리가 강조되었던 1950년대~1990년대에는 고용가능성이 취업준비생, 재취업예정자 등을 대상으로 논의되었다면, 개인 주도의 경력관리가 강조되고 있는 1990년대부터 최근까지는 고용가능성이 조직에 근무하고 있는 재직자를 대상으로 그 논의가 확대되었다고 볼 수 있다. 이에 고용가능성의 개념은 내부고용가능성과 외부고용가능성으로 유형화 되었고, 내부‧외부고용가능성의 선행 영향요인들과 그 효과를 검증하는 연구들이 진행되었다. 그런데 기존연구들은 내부고용가능성이 일관적으로 긍정적인 효과를 보인다는 결과를 제시하고 있는 반면, 외부고용가능성의 효과에서는 혼재된 결과를 보여주고 있다. 특히 외부고용가능성의 초기 연구들은 외부고용가능성이 직무성과에 긍정적 효과를 보인다는 결과를 제시한 반면, 후기 연구는 외부고용가능성이 직무성과에 부정적 효과를 보일 가능성을 제시하였다. 이러한 논쟁에 대해 본 연구는 상황론적 접근이 필요하다고 보았고 상황적 요인으로서 LMX(Leader-Member Exchange)에 관심을 두었다. 부하직원이 지각하는 리더와의 관계는 경력관리에 영향을 줄 수 있는데, LMX를 높게 지각할수록 부하직원은 외부고용가능성에서 발생하는 역량을 확보하기 위한 노력의 일환으로 직무성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 반면, LMX를 낮게 지각할수록 부하직원은 외부고용가능성에서 발현하는 역량을 직무성과 향상에 노력하지 않게 되면서 외부고용가능성과 직무성과 간의 부정적인 관계가 나타날 수 있다. 217명의 조직구성원들로부터 수집된 자료를 토대로 연구모형을 검증해 본 결과, 내부고용가능성은 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타난 반면, 내부고용가능성과 직무성과 간의 관계에서 LMX는 유의하지 않은 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 외부고용가능성과 직무성과 간의 관계에서 LMX는 유의한 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, LMX를 높게 지각할수록 외부고용가능성은 직무성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났고, LMX를 낮게 지각할수록 외부고용가능성은 직무성과에 부정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로, 연구의 이론적, 실무적 시사점 및 연구의 한계와 향후 연구방향을 논의하였다.
A paradigm of career management is shifting from employment stability to employability. In 1950s and 1960s, organization directed career management was highlighted that employability was discussed mainly for job seekers and reemployed workers. But from 1990s, individual directed career management was highlighted that employability was discussed for incumbents already working in the organization. In this respect, the concept of employability is stereotyping internal employability and external employability. A study on the effectiveness verification of antecedent factors of internal employability and external employability was carried out. Previous studies have found that internal employability has positive effect on attitudes, commitment and performance consistently, but external employability has different effect. Especially earlier studies have found that external employability has positive effect on attitudes, commitment, performance, but later studies said that external employability has negative effect on attitudes, commitment, performance. Contingency approach is needed about this dispute and this study has interest in LMX(Leader-Member Exchange) for situational factor. Relationship between leader and employee can affect career management. The more employee recognize LMX, external employability as a capability will enhance on job performance. On the other hand, the less employee recognize LMX, external employability as a tool of change of occupation will decline on job performance. We verified research model based on data gathered from 217 employees. As a result, internal employability has a positive effect on job performance, but the moderating effect of LMX in the relationship between internal employability and job performance is not significant. And th moderating effect of LMX in the relationship between external employability and job performance is significant. The higher employee perceives leader-member exchange, the significant positively effect of external employability on job performance, on the other hand, the less employee perceives leader-member exchange, the significant negatively effect of external employability on job performance. Here are the implications of this study. First, This study presents that internal employability is antecedent of job performance.. It suggests that internal employability produces the desired outcomes based on resources conservation theory, not based on social exchange theory. Second, this study explains the moderating effect of LMX in the relationship between external employability and job performance based on resources acquisition and loss of resources conservation theory. The greater employee perceives LMX, the significant positively effect of external employability on job performance. On the other hand, the less employee perceives LMX, the significant negatively effect of external employability on job performance. Third, internal employability has the desired effects so this study provide practical implications that organization’s executive and leader should make an offer human resource development programs to improve the internal employability for subordinates. For this, organization"s executive and leader should make up a culture of creating internal employability and promote subordinates" work autonomy, feedback and provide human resource training for strengthening employee"s ability. Fourth, when leader-member exchange is high, external employability has desired effect, whereas when leader-member exchange is low, external employability has undesirable effect. So for positive effect of external employability, leader-member exchange should be upgraded, organization"s executive and leader should improve subordinates" followership, also leaders should be trained for transformational leadership, ethcial leadership and so on. Based on this study result and implications, we discussed limit of research and direction for future research.