본 연구는 주요국의 납세환경 개선을 위한 제도를 살펴보고, 이를 통해 국내 납세환경 개선방안을 모색하였다. 납세환경은 개인의 납세의식에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 납세의식이 납세순응행위로 연계되도록 하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 납세순응을 향상시키기 위해서는 납세환경을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 접근이 필요하다. 주요국의 사례는 OECD 조세행정포럼(FTA)의 ‘바로 처음부터: 납세순응 환경에 영향(RFS 접근법)’을 토대로 살펴보았다. FTA는 납세순응을 유도하는 납세환경의 조성을 위해 납세자가 납세 관련 의식을 형성하기에 앞서 초기/실시간 대응을 통해 건전한 납세의식을 조성할 것을 강조하였다. 그리고 건전한 납세의식이 납세순응으로 연계될 수 있도록 납세환경을 조성하는 방안으로 절차상 오류나 중복으로 인해 발생하는 납세순응비용이 최소화 될 수 있도록 납세절차의 연계성을 강화하는 노력이 필요하고, 납세순응이 용이해질 수 있도록 IT 시스템을 갖추어야 할 뿐만 아니라 납세환경의 설계 과정에서 납세자 및 기타 이해관계자의 참여를 유도하여 자발적인 납세순응이 이루어져야 함을 강조하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 RFS 접근법의 실행방안 및 관련 주요국의 사례에 비추어 우리의 납세환경 개선을 위한 방안으로 다음을 제시하였다. 첫째, 건전한 납세의식 형성을 유도하는 납세환경을 조성하는 방안으로 사전적 접근법의 실행을 위해 사전안내, 다른 정부 프로그램과의 연계, 학교교육을 통한 선제적 대응 등을 제안하였다. 둘째, 건전한 납세의식이 납세순응으로 이어지도록 납세환경을 조성하기 위해서는 증빙수취 및 지급단계, 장부기록 단계에서 납세절차의 연계성을 강화하고 빅데이터를 활용할 것을 제안하였다. 셋째, 납세순응의 용이화를 위해서는 납세자 편의를 강화하는 시스템의 구축과 주요 변경시점에 세무안내 강화 등을, 납세자 및 이해관계자의 참여를 위해서는 세무이슈 논의기구 마련 등을 제안하였다. RFS 접근법에 기초한 납세환경의 개선을 위한 노력은 납세자들의 납세의식 개선 및 납세순응에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.
This study examines the ways to enhance tax environment. Since tax environment affects the tax morale of individual tax payers and plays an important role in making the enhanced tax morale be connected to tax compliance, we examine which efforts tax authorities of other countries have made to improve tax environment, and draw lessons from them. The cases of the major countries were examined through the cases of the related countries based on the direction of the National Tax Service in the OECD the Forum on Tax Administration (FTA) Specifically, since the FTA was formed in 2002, it was mainly interested in managing the tax return after it was filed as a countermeasure against the tax non-compliance at the beginning. However, in the 2010s, interest was focused on factors that affect taxpayers’ decision to make tax non-compliance. Particularly, there has been a discussion that the initial tax environment plays a decisive role in taxpayers’ compliance behaviour. Therefore, the FTA presented the ‘Right from the Start: Influencing the Compliance Environment (RFS approach)’, which implies that it is important to influence the formation of sound tax moral at the beginning of the business in order to induce tax compliance. It also emphasizes that it is important to reduce errors in the taxation procedure and to facilitate the fulfillment of tax obligations so that a sound tax moral can be linked to tax compliance. And that taxpayers and stakeholders have a positive effect on voluntary compliance with tax compliance when designing such taxation procedures. We base our approach on the Information Note of RFS approach suggested by the FTA. The RFS approach emphasizes the need to create an tax environment which supports compliant behaviour. This suggests (1) acting in real time and up-front, in order that problems are prevented or covered when they occur; (2) engaging in end-to-end processes rather than just focusing on revenue body processes; (3) making it easy to comply; and (4) actively involving and engaging taxpayers, their representatives and other stakeholders, with intent to get a better understanding of the taxpayer’s perspective. Based on the RFS approach and the related examples of other countries, we suggest the ways to improve our tax environment as follows. First, as a way to implement the action in real time and up-front, we propose a preliminary guidance, connection with other governmental program, preemptive action through school education and etc. It is important to create a tax environment so that it is easy to fulfill the taxation obligations and low costs in order for the sound tax moral to be linked to tax compliance. To make the improved tax moral be connected to tax compliance, we recommend end-to-end processes at the stages of book-keeping, receiving and issuing tax invoice, and the effective utilization of Big-Data. In addition, we propose the development of system and the reinforcement of tax guidance to ease tax compliance, and supporting dialogue with taxpayers or their representatives to involve and engage taxpayers and stakeholders. We hope that we experience significant progress in taxpayer compliance over the coming years through the improved tax environment. If RFS Approach is applied, tax administration work will be concentrated on the tax-related procedures currently underway in the business, rather than filing tax returns in the past year. In addition, environmental factors affecting taxpayer behavior will be emphasized, as well as individual characteristics of the taxpayer in relation to the implementation of the tax liability. To do this, the internal procedures of the tax office should be followed by external procedures to cooperate with taxpayers and stakeholders.