지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2017.12
- 수록면
- 189 - 198 (10page)
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초록· 키워드
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Among a myriad of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-sensing receptors, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the principal core sensors of the host. Despite intensive studies for the expression of TLRs and their roles in the central nervous system, controversies remain regarding the expression and the function of TLR4 in human astrocytes. In order to clarify this issue, we attempted to verify functional expression of TLR4 in human astrocytes. Using Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we confirmed that the human astrocytes express the TLR4 constitutively. To determine the function of TLR4, astrocytes were treated with TLR4 ligand or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and then inflammatory cytokines expressions were checked using RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was checked using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Treatment of astrocytes with LPS increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 expression and induced NF-κB activation. Neutralizing anti-TLR4 antibody blocked the effect of LPS on cytokine production and NF-κB activation in astrocytes. The effect of LPS on cytokine production and NF-κB activation was shown in the presence of serum but not in the absence of serum. Therefore, we investigated the sensing mechanism of LPS in human astrocytes. Human astrocytes were treated with LPS following neutralizing anti-CD14 antibody treatment in the presence of serum. Neutralizing anti-CD14 antibody treatment abolished the effect of LPS on cytokine expression and NF-κB activation. Additionally, supplement of recombinant CD14 in serum-free media induced LPS effect on cytokine production and NF-κB activation. In these results, we showed that human astrocytes constitutively express functional TLR4 and require soluble CD14 to recognize LPS.
목차
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
REFERENCES
참고문헌 (34)
참고문헌 신청
Carson MJ, Reilly CR, Sutcliffe JG, Lo D. Disproportionate recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the central nervous system by professional antigen-presenting cells. Am J Pathol 1999;154:481-94.
Hua LL, Lee SC. Distinct patterns of stimulus-inducible chemokine mRNA accumulation in human fetal astrocytes and microglia. Glia 2000;30:74-81.
Lee SC, Dickson DW, Liu W, Brosnan CF. Induction of nitric oxide synthase activity in human astrocytes by interleukin-1 beta and interferon-gamma. J Neuroimmunol 1993;46:19-24.
Bowman CC, Rasley A, Tranguch SL, Marriott I. Cultured astrocytes express toll-like receptors for bacterial products. Glia 2003;43:281-91.
Kielian T. Overview of toll-like receptors in the CNS. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009;336:1-14.
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