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On Listening, Reflection and Meditation in Vedānta
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베단따의 '듣기·숙고하기·명상하기'(문·사·수)에 관하여

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Academic journal
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Journal
Korean Philosophical Society Journal of Korean Philosophical Society Vol.116 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2010.12
Pages
155 - 180 (26page)

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On Listening, Reflection and Meditation in Vedānta
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The three means of listening, reflection and meditation (sravana, manana and nididhyāsana) which are central devices of practice in Vedānta philosophy should be understood not as a continuative step but as a methodological extension on condition of having one and the same purpose. In other words, the three means should be interpreted in a listening-oriented manner, in which the process has to be methodologically extended to reflection and meditation only when the direct knowledge on the reality is not gained in listening. This kind of interpretation can be more justified by displaying significant characteristics of Indian philosophy implied in the three means. It can be easily said that Vedānta belonging to the liberation-centric tradition is a project of 'regaining essential self' through which the self becomes essential self by knowing that self. In this case the listening-oriented interpretation coincides with the basic teachings of Vedānta, since listening alone can be a sufficient means for obtaining knowledge of the original self. Further, as the project of ’regaining essential self' is carried out by the three means, these can be called a sort of ’event’ that is carried out according to the scenario of Vedāntic metaphysics. In this case listening is a course of comprehending the scenario of event participated by oneself, and that participant can accomplish the project by way of listening the scenario alone judged as somewhat more effective for liberation. However, in the later Vedānta there arises a meditation-oriented interpretation of which three means are regarded not as a methodological extension but as a continuative step, because of the emphasis on meditation under the lasting influence of other philosophical systems. This is a result of epistemic desire that tries to convert what is heard to what is specially perceived or what is given to what is accepted. It may be said that this interpretation emphasizing the phased transition from the indirect to the direct of knowledge is an attempt to rationalize the repetitive delay of event as the actual failure of project. Furthermore, an assertion of the later Vedānta which refers the fourth means called samādhi is based on the logic that the self-realization is possible apart from and outside the text, and accordingly it is incompatible with an assertion of the early Vedānta that the self-realization is a reproduction as it is of the scenario guided by the absolute text. After all, the standard interpretation on the three means in Vedānta have to be the listening-oriented, but not be the meditation-oriented or the samādhi-oriented.

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2018-010-001639995