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Subject

Capital City and Local Administration of Balhae
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발해 도성과 지방통치

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim Dong-woo (국립춘천박물관)
Journal
Association of Koguryo Balhae The KoguryoBalhae Yonku Vol.58 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2017.7
Pages
211 - 234 (24page)

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Method
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Result
Capital City and Local Administration of Balhae
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Abstract· Keywords

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Balhae transferred its capital for total of four times. There were the five capitals, the Northern Capital(上京), the Central Capital(中京), the Eastern Capital(東京), the Southern Capital(南京), and the Western Capital(서경) in Balhae. The five capital were situated in important locales since transfer the capital to the Central Capital(中京) up until the 740s. The five capitals, the real local administrative agency, were superior to a three-tiered system of local governance : province(府), district(州), and country(縣). The capital city was built in various places in the process of setting up the country and moving the capital.
A capital city of the period was protected by defensive walls and made up of some essential institutions interrelated organically with each other, including a cemetery that needed to be located outside the city enclosed by walls according to the tradition that “burials should be outside the capital.” Archaeological discoveries show that Balhae had also been faithful to the tradition. As for Northern Capital, for instance, the cemetery was outside the western bank of Mokdangang(or Mudan Jiang) River, whereas the Central Capital(also known as Seogoseong(西固城)) had its cemetery across Haerangang (or Hailan Jiang) River. According to The Book of Sui (636), both capital cities had their cemeteries 7 li (approx. 3.2 kilometers) away from the walled area.
The creation of multiple capitals in Balhae was related to the effort of its rulers to bring stability to their kingdom through more effective control over its expanded territory and the Malgal(or Mohe) tribes living in it. It was during the reign of King Mu that Balhae started to establish the five-capital system based on the strengthened royal authority and completed in the 740s when the kingdom was under the rule of his successor, King Mun. The rulers also built roads and channels to connect better the capitals with the regional areas around them; thus significantly increasing the political, economic, and cultural influences of the capital cities over the rest of the kingdom

Contents

국문초록
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 5경 설치와 도성
Ⅲ. 도성의 범위와 위상
Ⅳ. 천도와 지방 통치
Ⅴ. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract

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