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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국기독교학회 한국기독교신학논총 한국기독교신학논총 제31집
발행연도
2004.1
수록면
283 - 307 (25page)

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Barth`s theology of nothingness is not only biblical but also pastoral. Robert Scharlemann points out that Barth writes this theme to preach a sermon as a Protestant minister. That is, Barth`s theology is based on his pastoral experience. By reading Barth`s notion of nothingness, one can see that Barth is very dialectical in developing his idea of nothingness in order to defend his Christian faith. In fact, Barth`s dialectical theology was a very significant and effective tool for him to defend his position against liberal theology. Barth speaks confidently of the God of the Bible. Barth`s idea of nothingness is very dialectical and paradoxical. For Barth, nothingness has three types of form: sin, evil and death. Sin is the creature`s own act and guilt. Sin is followed by the suffering of evil and death. In this sense, nothingness is not only a moral threat but also a physical and absolute threat to the creature. According to Barth, after the fall, the creature was helpless to the threat of nothingness. The creature becomes not only its prey but also its instrument. Nothingness breaks the relationship between God and the creature. It not only offends God but also threatens God`s creature. In this sense, nothingness is an alien element among the objects of God`s providence. For Barth, the conquest of nothingness is absolutely God`s own affair because God alone can overcome and resist it. Therefore, God is the only hope of the creature. The way God conquers nothingness is through the incarnation of Jesus Christ. Nothingness is then overcome and removed by Jesus Christ. That is, sin, evil and death are overcome by Jesus. Accordingly, nothingness has lost its objective existence because of Jesus Christ. Barth`s nothingness is also very closely related to evil, Satan, demons, suffering, and theodicy with the sovereignty of God and His self-revelation in Jesus Christ. In dealing with the problem of nothingness, Barth put Christology in the center of his theology. Barth`s statement that God is not responsible for nothingness contradicts his other argument that God`s non-willing is a powerful willing, and therefore, God is the basis and Lord of nothingness which is divine non-willing. His argument that nothingness belongs to God because it is on the left hand of God is inconsistent with his argument that nothingness, as an alien factor in God`s providence, is the enemy of God, so that it has nothing in common with God. This inconsistency is the limitation of Barth`s dialectic theology. Barth`s God is almighty, so that He can control and transcend nothingness. However, Barth`s God excludes the reality of nothingness from His nature. Barth seems to fall under the influence of dualism. Barth tries to overcome dualism by arguing that evil is also in the hand of God even though it is neither willed nor created by God. It is another limitation of Barth`s theology that he, as a neo-orthodox theologian, is unable to attribute the nature of evil to God either directly or positively. Barth`s dialectical theology is to defend the God of justice and his theodicy. In doing so, he cannot avoid expressing the dualistic characteristic of good and evil. We have to praise Barth for giving preachers the courage to proclaim the Word of God with confidence and vigor. We also have to admit that Barth`s theology of nothingness safeguards Christian faith from being trivialized and marginalized by liberal theology. Furthermore, Barth should be praised for providing a middle ground for both liberal and conservative to meet and resolve the differences and conflicts of their theologies.

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