본 연구는 조직구성원의 일-가정 양립을 지원하기 위해 도입?시행되는 가정친화제도가 이들의 직무만족과 조직몰입, 조직시민행동 등 심리적 차원의 조직효과성과 어떠한 영향관계에 있는지를 실증해 보고 있다. 또한 본 연구는 가정친화제도의 이러한 효과가 구체적으로 조직구성원의 어떤 심리적 기제를 통해 발생되는 지를 규명해 보기 위해, 가정친화제도의 영향은 이들이 경험하는 ``직장-가정 갈등’과 ``직장-가정 향상’을 통해 일부 매개될 것이라는 가설을 설정하고 이를 검증해 보고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 가정친화제도의 효과성을 검증함에 있어서 직장-가정 갈등과 직장-가정 향상 요인의 매개효과를 동시에 비교?고찰해 본다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 가족친화인증기업으로 선정된 바 있는 H기업의 293명 사원들을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과, 가정친화제도는 구성원의 직무만족과 조직몰입 등 공식과업과 연관된 직무 태도에 대해서는 물론, 이타적 행동과 적극적 참여 등 비과업 차원의 조직시민행동에도 긍정적인 영향관계에 있음이 확인되었다. 또 가정친화제도의 이러한 직접효과와 함께, 직장-가정 향상의 증진을 매개로 한 간접효과도 확인되었다. 즉 직장에서 비롯되는 직장>가정 향상은 본 연구에서 도입하고 있는 모든 효과성 변수들에 대해, 그리고 가정을 원천으로 하는 가정>직장 향상은 조직몰입과 조직시민행동에 대해 가정친화제도의 효과를 부분적으로 매개하고 있음이 확인되었다. 하지만 직장-가정 갈등은 이러한 매개효과를 나타내지 않고, 그 자체가 직무관련 태도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 분석결과가 시사해 주는 경영관리적 함의와 향후 연구과제들이 함께 토론되었다.
Because of the changing demographics in the workforce such as the rise of female workers and dual earner employees, nowadays more individuals face the challenge of managing work and family responsibilities. And for this reason, the issue of balancing work and family lives becomes receiving more attentions from both academic fields and business domains. In the face of these changing realities, many organizations have now begun to offer family-friendly human resource(HR) policies such as flexible work arrangements, supports for child care, and other benefits that support worker`s personal well-being and career development. Up to date, there have been many researches that investigated the relationships between family-friendly HR policies and their effects on organizational effectiveness. To our knowledge, however, the intervening mechanisms in the relation between family-friendly policies and their consequential effects have not been fully explored. So, in the present study, we focused on the role of work-family interface, especially the role of work-family conflict and work-family enrichment that workers experience in the context of work and family lives. Last and most important, we proposed that work-family conflict and work-family enrichment may be two intervening mechanisms which mediate the effects of family-friendly policies to the psychological effectiveness of organizational members such as their job-related attitude and non-task behavior. Based on these theoretical and logical expectations, we intend to investigate empirically the effectiveness of family-friendly policies. Especially this study examines the relationship between employees` perceptions of the usefulness of family-friendly policies and their effects on the job attitudes and organizational citizenship behavior. In particular, this study also explores whether work-family conflict and work-family enrichment will mediate the relationship. The data are collected by surveying 293 respondents who are working in a manufacturing firm and a series of hierarchical regression analyses are used for the test of hypotheses. Findings are as follows. First, employees` perceptions of the usefulness of family-friendly policies were positively related not only to their job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, but also to their organizational citizenship behavior as expectedly. In addition, we found that two directions of work-family enrichment (i.e., work-to-family and family-to-work enrichment) partly mediated the effects of family-friendly policies on affective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. In particular, work-to-family enrichment had more larger mediating effects on the job attitude variables such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment, whereas family-to-work enrichment had more mediating effects on the non-task behavior such as organizational citizenship behavior. Although two directions of work-family conflict (i.e., work-to-family and family-to-work conflict) did not mediate the relationships, instead they had direct negative impacts on the job attitudes such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. We think that our research provides both theoretical and practical contributions to the literatures of family-friendly policies and work-family studies. Above all, we proposed and empirically verified that work-family enrichment may be one of the possible intervening mechanism in the relationship between family-friendly HR policies and their effects on the job attitudes and non-task behaviors of employee. In addition, this study answered the call to explore the positive side of work-family interface, which, at present, is underrepresented compared with work-family conflict. According to the present study, the perceived availability and usefulness of familyfriendly HR policies increase the work-family enrichment of organizational members, which in turn, relates not only to their higher job satisfaction and organizational commitment, but also to their higher organizational citizenship behavior. In these respects, we think, this study expands the conceptual understanding of family-friendly HR policies and especially work-family interface. The implications of these findings for organizations seeking to help employees with family-friendly HR practices and work-family balance issues are then suggested. The limitations of this study and future research directions are also discussed