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논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 저널정보
- 동양사학회 동양사학연구 東洋史學硏究 第129輯
- 발행연도
- 2014.12
- 수록면
- 177 - 237 (61page)
- DOI
- 10.17856/jahs.2014.12.129.177
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초록· 키워드
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With the help of the Manchu archives of Hunchun, this paper investigates the changes on the composition of slave class in Manchu banner cities caused by increase of Han Chinese workers, employment of tenant system, and escape of slaves during the mid Qing period.
In the Hunchun banner city, slaves played a significant rule in agricultural production by the early Qianlong period. In the early Qianlong period, the total number of slaves in Hunchun was not numerous since the Hunchun area was isolated from other parts of China and closed toward Han Chinese people. However, slave trade was still popular and there were quite a number of contracted slaves. Since 1760 when banner peoples were allowed to employ Han Chinese workers for agricultural production, the official number of Han Chinese workers increased two and a half times by 1790 and many other illegal workers still sneaked into Hunchun. Because these Han Chinese workers tenanted bannermen’s land, providing labor and expenses for agricultural production by themselves, bannermen landlords had no more need to hire slaves. The tenant system helped banner people to earn handsome profits. In addition, it saved bannermen masters from the troubles caused by frequent escape of their slaves, which had had them suffer serious economic loss and psychological burden. As a result, the introduction of tenant system greatly reduced slave trade and the number of contracted slaves. By the Daoguang period, slaves from birth, that is, the offsprings of slaves became a landsliding majority of the slave class in Hunchun.
The tenant system and the frequent escape of slaves were growing and universal phenomena in Manchu banner cities since the early Qing period. Therefore, the changes in composition of the slave class in Hunchun, that is, increase of slaves from birth at the loss of contracted slaves, is very likely to have been found in other Manchu banner cities.
In the Hunchun banner city, slaves played a significant rule in agricultural production by the early Qianlong period. In the early Qianlong period, the total number of slaves in Hunchun was not numerous since the Hunchun area was isolated from other parts of China and closed toward Han Chinese people. However, slave trade was still popular and there were quite a number of contracted slaves. Since 1760 when banner peoples were allowed to employ Han Chinese workers for agricultural production, the official number of Han Chinese workers increased two and a half times by 1790 and many other illegal workers still sneaked into Hunchun. Because these Han Chinese workers tenanted bannermen’s land, providing labor and expenses for agricultural production by themselves, bannermen landlords had no more need to hire slaves. The tenant system helped banner people to earn handsome profits. In addition, it saved bannermen masters from the troubles caused by frequent escape of their slaves, which had had them suffer serious economic loss and psychological burden. As a result, the introduction of tenant system greatly reduced slave trade and the number of contracted slaves. By the Daoguang period, slaves from birth, that is, the offsprings of slaves became a landsliding majority of the slave class in Hunchun.
The tenant system and the frequent escape of slaves were growing and universal phenomena in Manchu banner cities since the early Qing period. Therefore, the changes in composition of the slave class in Hunchun, that is, increase of slaves from birth at the loss of contracted slaves, is very likely to have been found in other Manchu banner cities.
목차
서론
Ⅰ. 琿春駐防의 奴婢
Ⅱ. 乾隆후반 奴婢階層의 위기
Ⅲ. 嘉道연간 奴婢階層 構成의 변화
결론
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