석회유황합제의 엽상잔류 독성평가는 양봉꿀벌과 서양뒤영벌에 안전한 것으로 나타났다. Carbaryl의 엽상잔류 독성평가는 양봉꿀벌에 독성은 매우 높은 것으로 나타났으며, carbaryl 처리후 21일까지 노출 처리구에서 대부분 70%이상 사망률이 나타났다. 따라서 메밀 잎에서 양봉꿀벌에 대한 carbaryl의 잔류독성은 장기간 나타났다. 메밀에서 carbaryl 처리에 대한 엽상잔류량 평가는 살포후 1일에는 180ppm, 10일에는 110ppm, 18일에는 18.6ppm으로 나타났다. 엽상잔류 반감기는 9일로 평가되었다. 양봉꿀벌에 대한 잔류 독성 안전 기준은 carbaryl 살포 후 22일 이상, 엽상잔류량은 10ppm 이하로 제시되었다.
Pollination is the important natural process for fruiting. However, too high fruit bearing leads to lower quality fruit production. Thus, the flower and fruit thinning is becoming crucial. The use of the chemical agents such as carbaryl and lime sulfur is increasing because of the labor and cost benefit. We tested the foliage residual toxicity of two chemicals against the honey bee and bumble bee along with DAT (days after treatment) on buckwheat. Results indicated lower toxic effect of lime sulfur on both honey bee and bumble bee. Carbaryl showed low toxic only on bumble bee but high toxic on honey bee. Residual toxicities were higher than 60% even until 21 DAT. Foliar residues were 180, 110 and 18 ppm of carbaryl at 1, 10 and 18 DAT, respectively. This study suggests that lime sulfur is relatively safe to both bees and carbaryl is less toxic to bumble bee, B. terrestris but highly toxic to honeybee, A. mellifera even until 21 DAT.