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In the twentieth century, there have been two turning points in Chinese literature; the first was the May Fourth movement period and the second was the reformation period in the 1980’s. During the May Fourth movement period, Lu Xun was actively involved in a mass education drive by writing A Madman’s Diary and The True Story of Ah Q Similarly, Gao Xingjian launched a movement which encouraged people to move away from ultra-left ideology as well as reflect, criticize and deny miserable outcomes of the Cultural Revolution for the recovery of humanism in the 80’s. Although Lu Xun advocated “hot literature” while Gao Xingjian supported “cold literature”, both of them worried about the nation’s future, pursued humanism and introspected deeply regarding individual freedom. These thoughts and value were being matured through a special mental state, “solitude”.
This article compares the literature of Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian and also examines spiritual orientation of Chinese intellectuals of the twentieth century by applying John Cowper Powys’ “The Philosophy of Solitude” theory. “Solitude” let Lu Xun think deeply about human’s hope for survival and the meaning and value of life. For Gao Xingjian, solitude after escape provided freedom of imagination and creation. Free will determinism is the key concept of Sartre’s Existentialism. Therefore, solitude is the basiccondition of existence to Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian.
Lu Xun fought against darkness by himself in solitude while Gao Xingjian enjoyed physical and psychological freedom by escaping, and sublimated solitude as “Zen” which is the best condition for creation.
Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian were the pioneers of the independent ideology and they advocated freedom, personality and humanism and focused on the difficulty of survival and examined the reason of existence. Lu Xun put his effort in improving inferior national characters, and on the other hand, Gao Xingjian denied social functions of literature but argued that literature saves oneself and expresses real life.
This article compares the literature of Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian and also examines spiritual orientation of Chinese intellectuals of the twentieth century by applying John Cowper Powys’ “The Philosophy of Solitude” theory. “Solitude” let Lu Xun think deeply about human’s hope for survival and the meaning and value of life. For Gao Xingjian, solitude after escape provided freedom of imagination and creation. Free will determinism is the key concept of Sartre’s Existentialism. Therefore, solitude is the basiccondition of existence to Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian.
Lu Xun fought against darkness by himself in solitude while Gao Xingjian enjoyed physical and psychological freedom by escaping, and sublimated solitude as “Zen” which is the best condition for creation.
Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian were the pioneers of the independent ideology and they advocated freedom, personality and humanism and focused on the difficulty of survival and examined the reason of existence. Lu Xun put his effort in improving inferior national characters, and on the other hand, Gao Xingjian denied social functions of literature but argued that literature saves oneself and expresses real life.
목차
1. 引言
2. 孤?-意?的中核
3. ??
【?考文?】
Abstract
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