Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of root of Curcumin longa (RCL) on LPS-induced COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) model. Materials and Methods: Extract of RCL was treated to RAW 264.7 cells and LPS-induced COPD mouse model. Then, various parameters such as cell-based protective activity, airflow limitation, accumulation of immune cells and histopathological finding were analyzed. Results: RCL showed a protective effect on LPS-induced cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells. RCL treatment also revealed a protective effect on LPS-induced lung injury in a COPD mouse model. This effect was demonstrated via the reduction of accumulation of immune cells and pathophysiological regulation of caspase 3, elastin and collagen in lung tissue. Conclusions: These data suggest that RCL has a pharmaceutical property on lung injury. This study provides scientific evidence for the efficacy of RCL for clinical application to COPD patients.