Er Li Tou cultural ruins is the key clue to explore the history and culture of Xia dynasty. From the details of archaeological findings in the second and third stage of Er Li Tou culture, there is the obvious difference between the two kinds of ritual vessels which made of pottery and bronze. Therefore, it can infer that the various express methods of rites had been already exsited in Xia dynasty. It should be divided into various kinds of rites such as the sacrifices ones and public ones, even if both of the two were exsited in the same historical periods. Meanwhile, from analyzing of the meaning in the constructure of pottery ritual vessels series and the simple appearance of bronze ware, it is reported that in the progress of thoughts development, the ability to understand and master the signs had already been started in Xia dynasty.