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Miguel de Cervantes is an author between the Renaissance and the Counter-Reformation, Cervantes was a disciple of the Spanish Erasmian Juan Lopez de Hoyos. In order to look into a certain relation between Erasmus and Cervantes, at first we have looked around some previous works of Menendez Pelayo, Americo Castro, Marcel Bataillon, Ludovik Osterc and Antonio Vilanova. Most of them agree that the thought of Cervantes shows the intimate dependence on the Erasmian Humanism in the XVI century. The satires of Cervantes against Felipe Ⅱ and his followers are something very well known.
Examining the "entremeses" (short comedy) of Miguel de Cervantes, we can affirm that the plays breathe the criteria of Renaissance's Humanism, for Cervantes not only intends to picture the simple customs of the country but also shows some ideal-realistic and serious-comic complexity with certain Erasmian echo.
We would have to appreciate the sharpness, the seriousness and the transcendency of the satirical vision expressed in these extraordinary works regarding the political reality of Spain in the era of Felipe Ⅱ and his heir. Until now on there always has been the tendency to seek the jokes in "La eleccion de los alcaldes de Daganzo" (The election of the mayors in Daganzo), like in the cases of all the other Cervantes' "entremeses".
The candidates for the Mayor strive to remind that they are "old" Christians, and particularly to make others believe them Every elector shares this obsession. Cervantes contemplates his characters from the ironical view when he makes them proclaim: I'm an "old" Christian like all the others. Like all the others! The same vehemence with which they defend the purity of their blood betrays their continuous and torturing doubts about their ancestors. In the appearance of the sacristan, we can see very critical view against the interference of ecclesiastic elements in the civil events.
Precisely against the blind belief, there are very often manifested the most characteristic and ingenuous Erasmian satires. The critics acclaim Rana and his speech filled with intelligence and political lessons including the anticipation of Montesquieu's and Jean-Jacques' idea.
The noble voice of Rana echoes here, too, in this exemplary lesson with unmistakable Cervantes' accent. Rana promises honest and humanitarian governing. Rana promises an ideal government, which coincides, in various aspects, significantly, with the advices of Don Quijote on the government of Sancho (Quijote Ⅱ, caps. 43-47)
Agostini del Rio, for example, talks about the good speech, mercy and justice of Rana in a good Spanish sense, because he found out an ideal governor in him Asensio expresses a similar opinion referring to the wisdom of Rana, and to political lesson that represents his intervention in the work. Canavaggio considers him as an ideal...prudente, etc. And Honig characterizes him as a humane one.
"El retablo de las maravillas" (The Magic Retable) is a parable of the lies and of the human hypocrisies, for everybody, authors and public, denies the truth on purpose for the ignoble reasons or for the stupidity. It incidentally happened in the historical reality in Spain, of which 『El retablo de las maravillas』 is one of the most extraordinary testimonies.
The Cervantists often share the opinion that this "entremes" is a kind of representation wrapped in ambiguity, enclosed in a haul of mystery with final ambiguity. Chanfalla explains that "el retablo" is manufactured and composed by the wise Tontonelo, which is exquisitely humoristic contrast. The Cervantes' satire reveals its solidarity with the most typical Erasmian premises.
Manuel Duran of the University Yale says: If Cervantes had not reproached "old" Christians and their intolerant, hard and anti-intellectual conducts, certain phrases of the Entremeses and of the Quijote would not have been written.
Examining the "entremeses" (short comedy) of Miguel de Cervantes, we can affirm that the plays breathe the criteria of Renaissance's Humanism, for Cervantes not only intends to picture the simple customs of the country but also shows some ideal-realistic and serious-comic complexity with certain Erasmian echo.
We would have to appreciate the sharpness, the seriousness and the transcendency of the satirical vision expressed in these extraordinary works regarding the political reality of Spain in the era of Felipe Ⅱ and his heir. Until now on there always has been the tendency to seek the jokes in "La eleccion de los alcaldes de Daganzo" (The election of the mayors in Daganzo), like in the cases of all the other Cervantes' "entremeses".
The candidates for the Mayor strive to remind that they are "old" Christians, and particularly to make others believe them Every elector shares this obsession. Cervantes contemplates his characters from the ironical view when he makes them proclaim: I'm an "old" Christian like all the others. Like all the others! The same vehemence with which they defend the purity of their blood betrays their continuous and torturing doubts about their ancestors. In the appearance of the sacristan, we can see very critical view against the interference of ecclesiastic elements in the civil events.
Precisely against the blind belief, there are very often manifested the most characteristic and ingenuous Erasmian satires. The critics acclaim Rana and his speech filled with intelligence and political lessons including the anticipation of Montesquieu's and Jean-Jacques' idea.
The noble voice of Rana echoes here, too, in this exemplary lesson with unmistakable Cervantes' accent. Rana promises honest and humanitarian governing. Rana promises an ideal government, which coincides, in various aspects, significantly, with the advices of Don Quijote on the government of Sancho (Quijote Ⅱ, caps. 43-47)
Agostini del Rio, for example, talks about the good speech, mercy and justice of Rana in a good Spanish sense, because he found out an ideal governor in him Asensio expresses a similar opinion referring to the wisdom of Rana, and to political lesson that represents his intervention in the work. Canavaggio considers him as an ideal...prudente, etc. And Honig characterizes him as a humane one.
"El retablo de las maravillas" (The Magic Retable) is a parable of the lies and of the human hypocrisies, for everybody, authors and public, denies the truth on purpose for the ignoble reasons or for the stupidity. It incidentally happened in the historical reality in Spain, of which 『El retablo de las maravillas』 is one of the most extraordinary testimonies.
The Cervantists often share the opinion that this "entremes" is a kind of representation wrapped in ambiguity, enclosed in a haul of mystery with final ambiguity. Chanfalla explains that "el retablo" is manufactured and composed by the wise Tontonelo, which is exquisitely humoristic contrast. The Cervantes' satire reveals its solidarity with the most typical Erasmian premises.
Manuel Duran of the University Yale says: If Cervantes had not reproached "old" Christians and their intolerant, hard and anti-intellectual conducts, certain phrases of the Entremeses and of the Quijote would not have been written.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 에라스무스 사상과 세르반테스
3. 세르반테스의 막간극 Entremeses과 에라스무스 사상
4. 맺음말
Bibliografia
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