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학술저널
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한국셰익스피어학회 Shakespeare Review Shakespeare Review Vol.38 No.1
발행연도
2002.3
수록면
277 - 297 (21page)

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In traditional Shakespeare criticism it has been commonly understood that Shakespeare's comedies, especially romantic comedies, are about the triumph of erotic love and happy marriage. Among more recent feminist and new historicist critics, however, a significant tendency has arisen to challenge the traditional view of the play. They pay attention to the specific socio-historical contexts of love and marriage, emphasizing their own concerns toward the power relationships between man and woman-concerns that they believe will contribute to an understanding of, the Renaissance society and, analogically, of our own as well.
This relatively recent trend in criticism may provide us with a good opportunity to see a new thematic aspect in A Midsummer Night's Dream. In relation to this thematic exploration we do need to pay attention to the ironic dimension embedded in the play, that was often neglected by traditional critics. Tracing this ironic texture in the play, this paper focuses on the discussion about the "inner-generational" tension between male and female and then looks at the "inter-generational" conflict between the senex and the young lovers along with the social extension of this in Theseus plot. Specifically, this paper examines the conflicts between the above characters in an immediate context of the Protestant doctrine of love and marriage. What Shakespeare is concerned with in this play is not ideological prescription but its relation to a conflicted reality. Thesesus acquires Hippolyta by means of force. This image of conqueror is directly opposed to the ideal model of the Puritan patriarch. Neither Thesesus nor any other male in the play satisfies that ideal. Demetrius and Lysander are unreliable lovers, and because of their arbitrariness innocent females suffer. It is not very likely that they will make good husbands. Egeus who appears on stage as an irascible father is also far from the ideal image of a good householder.
The action of the play runs toward the comic resolution as Oberon takes power over Titania by the trick of love juice and obtains her obedience in the highest level of reality. Some critics are not happy with the resolution of the play without properly considering the ironic dimension. We should admit, however, that comedy generically preconditions a happy ending and what we should pay attention to is the effort Shakespeare makes to examine reality within the given condition rather than the mere correspondence of the play to the dominant ideology. Anticipating the comic resolution of the play, Puck says "Jack shall have Jill / Nought shall go ill." But we must not take his aphorism without qualification since the apparent festive mood of happy marriage is undercut by the irony arising from the fact that their power relationships are based on the idea of male dominance.

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