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초록· 키워드
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Accepting the eastern christianity from the Byzantine Empire, the medieval Russia imported the Roman law as a part of the byzantine cultural heritages. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the influence that the imported Roman law had on legal developments of the medieval Russia.
Separate legal norms of the "Corpus iuris civilis", the most important source of the Roman law in the Byzantine Empire, were translated into the Church-Slavic and imported through church organizations which had been the main import channel of the byzantine culture at that time. In secular customary laws of Russia such as the "Russkaia Pravda" or princely statutes one could discern legal norms that might be influenced by the Roman law imported from Byzantium. These include norms concerning privileges of the church and related to the jurisdiction of church courts. i.e. church income, crimes against the church, marriage, inheritance etc.
It is a widespread view that the imported Roman law exerted a certain influence on legal developments of the medieval Russia. There exist, however, skeptic opinions which insist on the non-applicability of the church-slavic Roman law, Combined with the eastern christianity the imported Roman law was understood as "sacred" and therefore could not be applied to actual legal decisions. This was the distinct pattern of legal developments in comparison with the "reception of the Roman Law" in the medieval Western Europe. In the Western Europe of the 11./12. centuries the "dualism" of canonical and secular legal systems based on the newly established social and political pluralism after the "Investiturstreit" (1075-1122) required a rationalization and systematization of the law. The reception of the Roman law which could splendidly meet this request facilitated the development of the "rule of law" in the Western Europe. On the contrary, the medieval Russia which had been isolated from the historical events in the Roman Catholic world and had inherited the despotic "Caesaro-Papism" from the Byzantine Empire developed only an autocratic legal tradition incompatible with the "rule of law".
Separate legal norms of the "Corpus iuris civilis", the most important source of the Roman law in the Byzantine Empire, were translated into the Church-Slavic and imported through church organizations which had been the main import channel of the byzantine culture at that time. In secular customary laws of Russia such as the "Russkaia Pravda" or princely statutes one could discern legal norms that might be influenced by the Roman law imported from Byzantium. These include norms concerning privileges of the church and related to the jurisdiction of church courts. i.e. church income, crimes against the church, marriage, inheritance etc.
It is a widespread view that the imported Roman law exerted a certain influence on legal developments of the medieval Russia. There exist, however, skeptic opinions which insist on the non-applicability of the church-slavic Roman law, Combined with the eastern christianity the imported Roman law was understood as "sacred" and therefore could not be applied to actual legal decisions. This was the distinct pattern of legal developments in comparison with the "reception of the Roman Law" in the medieval Western Europe. In the Western Europe of the 11./12. centuries the "dualism" of canonical and secular legal systems based on the newly established social and political pluralism after the "Investiturstreit" (1075-1122) required a rationalization and systematization of the law. The reception of the Roman law which could splendidly meet this request facilitated the development of the "rule of law" in the Western Europe. On the contrary, the medieval Russia which had been isolated from the historical events in the Roman Catholic world and had inherited the despotic "Caesaro-Papism" from the Byzantine Empire developed only an autocratic legal tradition incompatible with the "rule of law".
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 비잔티움 법률문헌의 슬라브어 번역본과 중세 러시아 법률문헌
Ⅲ. 중세 러시아에서 로마법의 위상
Ⅳ. 맺음말
참고문헌
Abstract
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