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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술대회자료
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2009.6
- 수록면
- 109 - 134 (26page)
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초록· 키워드
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Many health-related studies have focused on the effect of social factors on health. Social factors, sometimes termed as social capital, include social norms, attitudes, neighborhoods, institutions, and networks or ties. When they examined the effect of social ties, however, they usually focused only on direct ties (friends of patients) due to the lack of available data. Indirect ties (for example, friends of friends of patients) have rarely been the center of the analysis. This paper examines the effects of indirect ties on three crucial dimensions of breast cancer patients’ successful survival: cancer literacy (if they have ever heard about the term, ‘cancer stage’)and unmet needs. Considering the size could be crucial to obtain information and knowledge, bigger and wider indirect ties are expected to have an informational advantage. With contrast to this type of informational advantage, small and dense ties are more likely to provide patients with emotional support. Especially unlike previous studies that only focused on direct ties of patients, this study extends the scope of networks up to the second-step (indirect ties) and looked into them. Indirect ties turned out to play independent and crucial roles in many aspects of patients’ successful cope with cancer. This paper examined the effects of indirect ties independent from direct ties by using Chicago Population Health and Health Disparities (CPHHD) data that is based on interviews with 624 breast cancer patients around Chicago area and their 2,760 direct ties and 3,052 indirect ties in 2008. The followings are the summary of the results regarding two essential dimensions of the patients’ survival.
(1) About one third of breast cancer patients in Chicago area did not know their own cancer stage andfurthermore about 18% of them never heard of the term, cancer stage. A multiple logistic regression revealed that even after controlling for the size of direct ties together with other individual-level demographic variables, the bigger the indirect ties of patients, the more likely they were to have every heard the term, cancer stage. For example, the odd of being illiterate would be about 7% for the patients who had 21 indirect ties (maximum value in the sample), while patients who had no indirect ties (minim value in the sample) would have a 14% chance of being illiterate. (2) Unlike cancer literacy, emotional needs required dense networks: patients with scarcer direct ties were more likely to report unmet emotional needs. Also patients with more duplicate alters in indirect ties were much less likely to report unmet emotional needs. This finding verified that dense support networks were essential to satisfy emotional needs. Finally large direct ties were essentialto reduce assistance unmet needs while indirect ties had no effect. It might be hard to ask indirect ties for everyday assistance: that type of favor is assumed to ask direct ties. All these results confirmed the existence of the independent and essential role of indirect ties of patients in their coping with cancer, which has been largely ignored in previous studies.
(1) About one third of breast cancer patients in Chicago area did not know their own cancer stage andfurthermore about 18% of them never heard of the term, cancer stage. A multiple logistic regression revealed that even after controlling for the size of direct ties together with other individual-level demographic variables, the bigger the indirect ties of patients, the more likely they were to have every heard the term, cancer stage. For example, the odd of being illiterate would be about 7% for the patients who had 21 indirect ties (maximum value in the sample), while patients who had no indirect ties (minim value in the sample) would have a 14% chance of being illiterate. (2) Unlike cancer literacy, emotional needs required dense networks: patients with scarcer direct ties were more likely to report unmet emotional needs. Also patients with more duplicate alters in indirect ties were much less likely to report unmet emotional needs. This finding verified that dense support networks were essential to satisfy emotional needs. Finally large direct ties were essentialto reduce assistance unmet needs while indirect ties had no effect. It might be hard to ask indirect ties for everyday assistance: that type of favor is assumed to ask direct ties. All these results confirmed the existence of the independent and essential role of indirect ties of patients in their coping with cancer, which has been largely ignored in previous studies.
목차
Abstract
1. Breast Cancer Disparities in the US
2. Social Network Effects on the Health and Well-Being of Breast Cancer Patients
2. Data: Chicago Population Health and Health Disparities 2008
3. Two Dimensions of Health and Well-Being of Breast Cancer Patients: Cancer Literacy and Unmet Needs
4. The Effects of Indirect Ties on Health and Well-Being of Breast Cancer Patients
5. Discussion: Indirect Ties as an Essential Resource for Breast Cancer Patients
REFERENCES
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2009-331-018664812