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자료유형
연구보고서
저자정보
저널정보
한국방송학회 한국방송학회 세미나 및 보고서 동남아시아와 한국 방송 국제세미나
발행연도
2006.7
수록면
31 - 55 (25page)

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This article focused on external factors and pressure on the Korean and Malaysian media policy and its impact towards their cultural industry comparatively. Since World War Ⅱ, the US has promoted free trade by continous efforts to lower tariffs mostly through the GATT. However, such market liberalisation with major trade partners fell short of US expectations and cheap imported products, such as Korean personal computers rushed into the US market in the 1980s. With ongoing trade deficits deepening, the US government finally started to demand comprehensive sanctions against unfair trade practices of foreign countries and enacted the Trade Act of 1974, which contains the well-known Section 301. The US promoted trade liberalisation in media and cultural industry through the WTO and incoporated Section 301 in the WTO binding law and regulations. Thus this paper discussed economic, social and political reasons why nations regulate to safeguard cultural industries in the WTO era. In addition to generating employment and revenue, cultural industries also contribute to a sense of national and community well-being. It has been argued that cultural products are different from other consumer goods because they reflect the intrinsic values and characteristics of the societies that create them. Cultural protection measures are based on an assumption that local industries foster local creativity and indigenous talent which may otherwise have no expression. Such expression enriches the cultural life of the nation as a whole reflecting and contributing to people's perceptions of their identity, character and culture. Audiovisual products are important mediums for cultural expression and have a powerful influence on the cultural and social life in many countries. Broadcast media generally, and television in particular, provide major outlets for audiovisual products. As such they are often the focus for cultural policies and safeguards.

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Abstract
Introduction
US Structural Power and Its Impact to Malaysia and Korea Media Policy
Trade, globalisation and the audiovisual services sector
Results of the Uruguay Round for audiovisual services
International market pressures on local audiovisual services industries
The cultural discount of imported programs
Cultural support measures in the audiovisual services sector
Content regulations
Restrictions on foreign advertisements
Foreign ownership and control restrictions
Tax incentives and government subsidies
Cultural measures identified as trade barriers
Conclusion
References

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